Abstract
Abstract Point‐injection technology is being developed to improve fertilizer management, particularly N management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the rate (number) and timing of point‐injections of an ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) solution on N uptake and corn growth and to measure any differences due to tillage. Nitrogen‐15 depleted NH 4 NO 3 (AN) was hand‐injected beside individual plants at the V1, V5, and/or V9 growth stages at rates of 50, 100, and/or 200 kg N ha −1 with fall moldboard plow (MP), fall chisel plow (CP), and ridge‐till (RT) systems. While MP had the highest grain and total dry matter production (but with the lowest N concentrations in those materials), tillage was not a significant factor in either the percentage of the total plant N derived from labeled AN (N F ) or its recovery (N R ) for any stage sampled. Generally the year (i.e. different environmental conditions) and application timing or a timing‐by‐year interaction had the greatest influence on N F and N R . Although plants sampled at the V9 stage on the average recovered more N from the V1 application (39%) vs the V5 application (27%), at maturity N R values for grain (35%) and total dry matter (47%) were the same for both V1 or V5 applications (when only two applications were made). However when three applications were made (at the V1, V5, and V9 stages), N R values decreased with time of application for both grain (38, 31, and 26%, respectively) and total dry matter (53, 43, and 33%, respectively). Across application timing, grain N R values were 34 and 31%, respectively, for MP and RT. Compared with preplant knifed‐in labeled N for MP and RT systems in an adjacent simultaneous study, grain N R values for point‐injected N in this study were 16 and 6% greater, respectively, indicating that multiple injections of fertilizer N improved N‐use efficiency.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage was not a significant factor for the percentage of plant N derived from labeled fertilizer or for its recovery.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- tillagee1
- Outcome
- percentage of the total plant N derived from labeled ANe1
- Direction
- not a significant factore1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e1“tillage was not a significant factor in either the percentage of the total plant N derived from labeled AN (N F ) or its recovery (N R ) for any stage sampled”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn sampled at V9 recovered more N from the V1 application (39%) than from the V5 application (27%).
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- V9 stagee2
- Treatment
- V1 applicatione2
- Outcome
- recovered more Ne2
- Direction
- recovered moree2
- Value
- 39%e2
- Qualifier
- 27%e2
- Comparator
- V5 applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e2“plants sampled at the V9 stage on the average recovered more N from the V1 application (39%) vs the V5 application (27%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N recovery at maturity was the same for V1 and V5 applications when only two applications were made (35%).
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- graine3
- Treatment
- V1 or V5 applicationse3
- Outcome
- N R valuese3
- Direction
- were the samee3
- Value
- 35%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e3“at maturity N R values for grain (35%) and total dry matter (47%) were the same for both V1 or V5 applications (when only two applications were made)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter N recovery at maturity was the same for V1 and V5 applications when only two applications were made (47%).
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- total dry mattere3
- Treatment
- V1 or V5 applicationse3
- Outcome
- N R valuese3
- Direction
- were the samee3
- Value
- 47%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e3“at maturity N R values for grain (35%) and total dry matter (47%) were the same for both V1 or V5 applications (when only two applications were made)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N recovery decreased as the number of applications at V1, V5 and V9 increased with later timing.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- graine4
- Treatment
- three applicationse4
- Outcome
- N R valuese4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 38, 31, and 26%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e4“However when three applications were made (at the V1, V5, and V9 stages), N R values decreased with time of application for both grain (38, 31, and 26%, respectively) and total dry matter (53, 43, and 33%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter N recovery decreased with later application timing across three applications.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- total dry mattere4
- Treatment
- three applicationse4
- Outcome
- N R valuese4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 53, 43, and 33%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e4“However when three applications were made (at the V1, V5, and V9 stages), N R values decreased with time of application for both grain (38, 31, and 26%, respectively) and total dry matter (53, 43, and 33%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fall moldboard plow had the highest grain and total dry matter production.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fall moldboard plowe6
- Outcome
- grain and total dry matter productione5
- Direction
- higheste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e5“While MP had the highest grain and total dry matter production (but with the lowest N concentrations in those materials)”
e6“with fall moldboard plow (MP), fall chisel plow (CP)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fall moldboard plow had the lowest N concentrations in grain and total dry matter.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fall moldboard plowe6
- Outcome
- N concentrationse5
- Direction
- loweste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e5“While MP had the highest grain and total dry matter production (but with the lowest N concentrations in those materials)”
e6“with fall moldboard plow (MP), fall chisel plow (CP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Across application timing, grain N recovery was 34% for MP.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- MPe7
- Outcome
- grain N R valuese7
- Value
- 34e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e7“Across application timing, grain N R values were 34 and 31%, respectively, for MP and RT”
Claim · model-written summary
Across application timing, grain N recovery was 31% for ridge-till.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- RTe7
- Outcome
- grain N R valuese7
- Value
- 31%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e7“Across application timing, grain N R values were 34 and 31%, respectively, for MP and RT”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N recovery of point-injected N was 16 greater than preplant knifed-in labeled N for MP.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- point‐injected Ne1
- Outcome
- grain N R valuese1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 16e1
- Qualifier
- MP and RT systemse1
- Comparator
- preplant knifed‐in labeled Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e1“Compared with preplant knifed‐in labeled N for MP and RT systems in an adjacent simultaneous study, grain N R values for point‐injected N in this study were 16 and 6% greater, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N recovery of point-injected N was 6% greater than preplant knifed-in labeled N for ridge-till.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- point‐injected Ne1
- Outcome
- grain N R valuese1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 6%e1
- Qualifier
- MP and RT systemse1
- Comparator
- preplant knifed‐in labeled Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e1“Compared with preplant knifed‐in labeled N for MP and RT systems in an adjacent simultaneous study, grain N R values for point‐injected N in this study were 16 and 6% greater, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple injections of fertilizer N improved N-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- multiple injections of fertilizer Ne1
- Outcome
- N‐use efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e1“indicating that multiple injections of fertilizer N improved N‐use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Application timing and the year had the greatest influence on N F and N R.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- application timinge1
- Outcome
- N F and N Re2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e1“Generally the year (i.e. different environmental conditions) and application timing”
e2“had the greatest influence on N F and N R”
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See all 189 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.