Abstract
Proline accumulates in plants under environmental stresses including saline stress and alkaline stress. Here, we investigated the responses to two different stresses, saline stress (200 mM NaCl) and alkaline stress (100 mM $Na_2CO_3$) in two Leymus chinensis (Trin.) genotypes, LcWT07 and LcJS0107, and effects of exogenous proline on the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Both saline stress and alkaline stress significantly induced the accumulation of proline in leaves of the two genotypes after 96 h, and alkaline stress caused a transient and significant increase in LcJS0107 plants at 6 h. A reduction in the activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses. Remarkable decrease in relative water contents (RWC) was found in 144 h stressed plants. However, lipid peroxidation estimated by malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves remained relatively stable. With the addition of exogenous proline, it did not cause changes of proline levels in two genotypes, but combined with saline or alkaline stress, the exogenous application of proline significantly induced proline accumulation after even short treatment periods. Combined with salt stress, the exogenous application also increased the activities of CAT and APX. These results indicated that exogenous proline not only increases proline levels in vivo as a osmotic adjustment under stress, but mitigates the detrimental effects of saline and alkaline stresses by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress significantly increased leaf proline after 96 h in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- saline stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of proline in leavese0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- after 96 he0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both saline stress and alkaline stress significantly induced the accumulation of proline in leaves of the two genotypes after 96 h”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress significantly increased leaf proline after 96 h in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of proline in leavese0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- after 96 he0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both saline stress and alkaline stress significantly induced the accumulation of proline in leaves of the two genotypes after 96 h”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress transiently increased proline in LcJS0107 at 6 h.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Material
- LcJS0107e0
- Treatment
- alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- prolinee1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- at 6 he0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“alkaline stress caused a transient and significant increase in LcJS0107 plants at 6 h”
e1“accumulation of proline in leaves”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress reduced catalase activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- salinee0
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- activities of catalasee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in the activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress reduced catalase activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- alkalinee0
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- activities of catalasee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in the activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress reduced ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- salinee0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in the activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress reduced ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- alkalinee0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in the activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity did not decrease under saline stress.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- salinee0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutasee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity did not decrease under alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- alkalinee0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutasee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), was detected in plants exposed to saline and alkaline stresses.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress reduced relative water content at 144 h.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- stressede0
- Outcome
- relative water contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 144 he0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Remarkable decrease in relative water contents (RWC) was found in 144 h stressed plants.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malonyldialdehyde content remained relatively stable under stress.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Outcome
- malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in leavese0
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee0
Verbatim
e0“lipid peroxidation estimated by malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves remained relatively stable”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline alone did not change proline levels in either genotype.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous prolinee0
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- did not cause changese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of exogenous proline, it did not cause changes of proline levels in two genotypes”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline with saline stress significantly increased proline accumulation after short treatment periods.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of prolinee0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- saline or alkaline stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“combined with saline or alkaline stress, the exogenous application of proline significantly induced proline accumulation after even short treatment periods”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous proline with alkaline stress significantly increased proline accumulation after short treatment periods.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of prolinee0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- saline or alkaline stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“combined with saline or alkaline stress, the exogenous application of proline significantly induced proline accumulation after even short treatment periods”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
With salt stress, exogenous proline increased catalase activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous applicatione0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- activities of CATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Combined with salt stress, the exogenous application also increased the activities of CAT and APX.”
e1“catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6)”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
With salt stress, exogenous proline increased ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous applicatione0
- Gene
- APXe0
- Outcome
- activities of CAT and APXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Combined with salt stress, the exogenous application also increased the activities of CAT and APX.”
e1“ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11)”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted exogenous proline as mitigating saline and alkaline stress through osmotic adjustment and increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensis (Trin.)Leymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous prolinee0
- Outcome
- detrimental effects of saline and alkaline stressese0
- Qualifier
- increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
Verbatim
e0“exogenous proline not only increases proline levels in vivo as a osmotic adjustment under stress, but mitigates the detrimental effects of saline and alkaline stresses by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.”
t0“Leymus chinensis (Trin.)”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Leymus chinensisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.