Abstract
Although cytosolic free Ca(2+) mobilization induced by microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns is postulated to play a pivotal role in innate immunity in plants, the molecular links between Ca(2+) and downstream defense responses still remain largely unknown. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as Ca(2+) sensors to activate specific protein kinases, CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). We here identified two CIPKs, OsCIPK14 and OsCIPK15, rapidly induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns, including chitooligosaccharides and xylanase (Trichoderma viride/ethylene-inducing xylanase [TvX/EIX]), in rice (Oryza sativa). Although they are located on different chromosomes, they have over 95% nucleotide sequence identity, including the surrounding genomic region, suggesting that they are duplicated genes. OsCIPK14/15 interacted with several OsCBLs through the FISL/NAF motif in yeast cells and showed the strongest interaction with OsCBL4. The recombinant OsCIPK14/15 proteins showed Mn(2+)-dependent protein kinase activity, which was enhanced both by deletion of their FISL/NAF motifs and by combination with OsCBL4. OsCIPK14/15-RNAi transgenic cell lines showed reduced sensitivity to TvX/EIX for the induction of a wide range of defense responses, including hypersensitive cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, phytoalexin biosynthesis, and pathogenesis-related gene expression. On the other hand, TvX/EIX-induced cell death was enhanced in OsCIPK15-overexpressing lines. Our results suggest that OsCIPK14/15 play a crucial role in the microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced defense signaling pathway in rice cultured cells.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
OsCIPK14 and OsCIPK15 were rapidly induced by microbe associated patterns.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- microbe-associated molecular patternse0
- Gene
- OsCIPK14 and OsCIPK15e0
- Outcome
- rapidly inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCIPK14 and OsCIPK15, rapidly induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns, including chitooligosaccharides and xylanase (Trichoderma viride/ethylene-inducing xylanase [TvX/EIX]), in rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCIPK14 and OsCIPK15 share over 95% nucleotide sequence identity including surrounding sequence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequence identitye0
- Value
- over 95%e0
- Qualifier
- including the surrounding genomic regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they have over 95% nucleotide sequence identity, including the surrounding genomic region”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCIPK14/15 interacted with several OsCBLs, most strongly with OsCBL4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsCIPK14/15e0
- Outcome
- strongest interaction with OsCBL4e0
- Setting
- yeast cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCIPK14/15 interacted with several OsCBLs through the FISL/NAF motif in yeast cells and showed the strongest interaction with OsCBL4”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant OsCIPK14/15 showed Mn(2+) dependent protein kinase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsCIPK14/15e0
- Outcome
- Mn(2+)-dependent protein kinase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recombinant OsCIPK14/15 proteins showed Mn(2+)-dependent protein kinase activity”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
Claim · model-written summary
FISL/NAF motif deletion enhanced OsCIPK14/15 kinase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- deletion of their FISL/NAF motifse0
- Outcome
- protein kinase activityt1
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was enhanced both by deletion of their FISL/NAF motifs and by combination with OsCBL4”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
t1“Mn(2+)-dependent protein kinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination with OsCBL4 enhanced OsCIPK14/15 kinase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination with OsCBL4e0
- Outcome
- protein kinase activityt1
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was enhanced both by deletion of their FISL/NAF motifs and by combination with OsCBL4”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
t1“Mn(2+)-dependent protein kinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCIPK14/15 RNAi lines had reduced sensitivity to TvX/EIX induction of cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and phytoalexin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsCIPK14/15-RNAie0
- Gene
- OsCIPK14/15e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, phytoalexin biosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCIPK14/15-RNAi transgenic cell lines showed reduced sensitivity to TvX/EIX for the induction of a wide range of defense responses, including hypersensitive cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, phytoalexin biosynthesis, and pathogenesis-related gene expression”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCIPK14/15 RNAi lines had reduced sensitivity for TvX/EIX induced pathogenesis related gene expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsCIPK14/15-RNAie0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCIPK14/15-RNAi transgenic cell lines showed reduced sensitivity to TvX/EIX for the induction of a wide range of defense responses, including hypersensitive cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, phytoalexin biosynthesis, and pathogenesis-related gene expression”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCIPK15 overexpression enhanced TvX/EIX induced cell death.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsCIPK15-overexpressing linese0
- Outcome
- TvX/EIX-induced cell deathe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TvX/EIX-induced cell death was enhanced in OsCIPK15-overexpressing lines”
t0“Rice Cultured Cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer OsCIPK14/15 are crucial to pattern induced defense signaling in rice cells.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsCIPK14/15e0
- Outcome
- microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced defense signaling pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCIPK14/15 play a crucial role in the microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced defense signaling pathway in rice cultured cells”
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