Abstract
Ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development in dicotyledonous plants; however, its roles in monocotyledonous plants are poorly known. Here, we characterized a subfamily II ethylene receptor, ETHYLENE RESPONSE2 (ETR2), in rice (Oryza sativa). The ETR2 receptor with a diverged His kinase domain is a Ser/Thr kinase, but not a His kinase, and can phosphorylate its receiver domain. Mutation of the N box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of ETR2. Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed floral transition. Conversely, RNA interference (RNAi) plants exhibited early flowering and the ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity and early flowering. The effective panicles and seed-setting rate were reduced in the ETR2-overexpressing plants, while thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in both the ETR2-RNAi plants and the etr2 mutant compared with controls. Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of the ETR2-overexpressing plants, but not in the etr2 mutant. The GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog (RCN1) that cause delayed flowering were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants but downregulated in the etr2 mutant. Conversely, the alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants but enhanced in the etr2 mutant. Thus, ETR2 may delay flowering and cause starch accumulation in stems by regulating downstream genes.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The rice ETR2 ethylene receptor, despite a diverged His kinase domain, is a Ser/Thr kinase and not a His kinase, and can phosphorylate its receiver domain.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- ETR2e0
- Outcome
- Ser/Thr kinasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The ETR2 receptor with a diverged His kinase domain is a Ser/Thr kinase, but not a His kinase, and can phosphorylate its receiver domain”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutating the N box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of ETR2.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mutation of the N box of the kinase domaine0
- Gene
- ETR2e0
- Outcome
- kinase activitye0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Mutation of the N box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of ETR2”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plantse0
- Gene
- ETR2e0
- Outcome
- ethylene sensitivitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed floral transition”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants delayed floral transition.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plantse0
- Gene
- ETR2e0
- Outcome
- floral transitione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed floral transition”
Claim · model-written summary
ETR2-RNAi plants exhibited early flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RNA interference (RNAi)e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“RNA interference (RNAi) plants exhibited early flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
The ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2e0
- Outcome
- ethylene sensitivitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed early flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity and early flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of effective panicles and the seed-setting rate were reduced in ETR2-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ETR2-overexpressing plantse0
- Outcome
- effective panicles and seed-setting ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The effective panicles and seed-setting rate were reduced in the ETR2-overexpressing plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in ETR2-RNAi plants compared with controls.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ETR2-RNAi plantse0
- Outcome
- thousand-seed weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in both the ETR2-RNAi plants and the etr2 mutant compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in the etr2 mutant compared with controls.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the etr2 mutante0
- Outcome
- thousand-seed weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in both the ETR2-RNAi plants and the etr2 mutant compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of ETR2-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- internodese0
- Treatment
- ETR2-overexpressing plantse0
- Outcome
- Starch granules accumulatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of the ETR2-overexpressing plants, but not in the etr2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch granules did not accumulate in the internodes of the etr2 mutant.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- internodese0
- Treatment
- the etr2 mutante0
- Outcome
- Starch granules accumulatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of the ETR2-overexpressing plants, but not in the etr2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
GIGANTEA and the TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog RCN1, which cause delayed flowering, were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ETR2-overexpressing plantse0
- Gene
- GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog (RCN1)e0
- Outcome
- upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog (RCN1) that cause delayed flowering were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants but downregulated in the etr2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
GIGANTEA and the TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog RCN1 were downregulated in the etr2 mutant.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the etr2 mutante0
- Gene
- GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog (RCN1)e0
- Outcome
- downregulatede0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog (RCN1) that cause delayed flowering were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants but downregulated in the etr2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ETR2-overexpressing plantse0
- Gene
- RAmy3De0
- Outcome
- suppressede0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants but enhanced in the etr2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was enhanced in the etr2 mutant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants but enhanced in the etr2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
ETR2 may delay flowering and cause starch accumulation in stems by regulating downstream genes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ETR2e0
- Outcome
- delay flowering and cause starch accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- regulating downstream genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“ETR2 may delay flowering and cause starch accumulation in stems by regulating downstream genes”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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