Abstract
Flowering time and plant height are important agronomic traits for crop production. In this study, we characterized a semi-dwarf and late flowering (dlf1) mutation of rice that has pleiotropic effects on these traits. The dlf1 mutation was caused by a T-DNA insertion and the cloned Dlf1 gene was found to encode a WRKY transcription factor (OsWRKY11). The dlf1 mutant contains a T-DNA insertion at the promoter region, leading to enhanced accumulation of Dlf1 transcripts, resulting in a semidominant mutation. The dlf1 mutation suppressed the transcription of Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 and its downstream flowering-time genes including Hd1, Ehd1 and Hd3a under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions. Knock-down of Dlf1 expression exhibited early flowering at LD condition related to the wild-type plants. Accumulation of Dlf1 mRNA was observed in most tissues, and two splicing forms of Dlf1 cDNAs were obtained (OsWRKY11.1 and OsWRKY11.2). These two proteins showed transactivation activity in yeast cells. Dlf1 protein was found to be localized in the nucleus. Enhanced expression of OsWRKY11.2 or its 5' truncated gene showed similar phenotypes to the dlf1 mutant, suggesting that it might function as a negative regulator. We conclude that Dlf1 acts as a transactivator to downregulate Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 in the signal transduction pathway of flowering and plays an important role in the regulation of plant height in rice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The rice dlf1 mutation caused semi-dwarf stature and late flowering.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- dlf1e0
- Outcome
- semi-dwarf and late floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“a semi-dwarf and late flowering (dlf1) mutation of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A T-DNA insertion caused the dlf1 mutation, and Dlf1 encodes OsWRKY11.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Dlf1e0
- Outcome
- encode a WRKY transcription factor (OsWRKY11)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The dlf1 mutation was caused by a T-DNA insertion and the cloned Dlf1 gene was found to encode a WRKY transcription factor (OsWRKY11)”
Claim · model-written summary
A promoter T-DNA insertion enhanced Dlf1 transcript accumulation and yielded a semidominant mutation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Dlf1e0
- Outcome
- semidominant mutatione0
- Qualifier
- enhanced accumulation of Dlf1 transcriptse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The dlf1 mutant contains a T-DNA insertion at the promoter region, leading to enhanced accumulation of Dlf1 transcripts, resulting in a semidominant mutation”
Claim · model-written summary
The dlf1 mutation suppressed Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 transcription and downstream flowering genes under both daylengths.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dlf1 mutatione0
- Outcome
- transcription of Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 and its downstream flowering-time genes including Hd1, Ehd1 and Hd3ae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The dlf1 mutation suppressed the transcription of Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 and its downstream flowering-time genes including Hd1, Ehd1 and Hd3a under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Dlf1 knockdown caused early flowering under long days relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Knock-down of Dlf1 expressione0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlye0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Knock-down of Dlf1 expression exhibited early flowering at LD condition related to the wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Dlf1 mRNA accumulated in most tissues.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Dlf1e0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of Dlf1 mRNAe0
- Qualifier
- most tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Accumulation of Dlf1 mRNA was observed in most tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Dlf1 splice forms were obtained.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Dlf1e0
- Outcome
- two splicing forms of Dlf1 cDNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“two splicing forms of Dlf1 cDNAs were obtained (OsWRKY11.1 and OsWRKY11.2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both OsWRKY11 proteins showed transactivation activity in yeast.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- transactivation activitye0
- Setting
- yeast cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“These two proteins showed transactivation activity in yeast cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Dlf1 protein was localized in the nucleus.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Dlf1e0
- Outcome
- localized in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Dlf1 protein was found to be localized in the nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced OsWRKY11.2 expression produced phenotypes similar to dlf1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Enhanced expression of OsWRKY11.2e0
- Outcome
- similar phenotypese0
- Comparator
- dlf1 mutante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Enhanced expression of OsWRKY11.2 or its 5' truncated gene showed similar phenotypes to the dlf1 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced expression of the 5-prime truncated gene produced phenotypes similar to dlf1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 5' truncated genee0
- Outcome
- similar phenotypese0
- Comparator
- dlf1 mutante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Enhanced expression of OsWRKY11.2 or its 5' truncated gene showed similar phenotypes to the dlf1 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer Dlf1 transactivation downregulates Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 and regulates height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- Dlf1e0
- Outcome
- downregulate Ehd2/RID1/OsId1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“We conclude that Dlf1 acts as a transactivator to downregulate Ehd2/RID1/OsId1 in the signal transduction pathway of flowering and plays an important role in the regulation of plant height in rice”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 98 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.