Paper · 1961 · Journal of Economic Entomology

Effect of Insecticides on Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings and on Control of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot

A. M. Harper; C. E. Lilly; P. Bergen

12
claims
23
verbatim quotes
3
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Both heptachlor-impregnated triple superphosphate (0-43-0) and heptaehlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre significantly reduced damage by the sugar-beet root maggot, Teta/wps myopaeformis (RÖder). Ethion (Niagara Brand Spray Company Limited) at ] lb. per acre, Trithion ® ( O,O -diethyl S(p-ehlorophenylthio)methyl phosphorodithioate (Stauffer Chemical Company, Portland, Oregon)) at lib. per acre and seed treatments with heptachlor at both] and 2 oz. per acre also reduced maggot damage. The heptachlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre a seed treatment with heptachlor at 4 oz. per acre, and Bayer 29493 ( O,O -dimethyl O -[4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl] phosphorothioate (Chemagro Corporation, Kansas City, Mo.)) at 1 Ib. per acre significantly reduced emergence of seedlings, and the latter treatment gave little control of the maggot. The sugarbeet root maggot was most effectively controlled in southern Alberta with 1 lb. of heptachlor per acre placed in the drill row with the seed or 3 Ib. per acre of heptachlor placed in a 5-inch hand over the row. These two treatments, however, left residues of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in the sugar-beet roots at harvest.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Heptachlor-impregnated triple superphosphate reduced maggot damage.

Treatment
heptachlor-impregnated triple superphosphate (0-43-0)e0
Interactor
sugar-beet root maggotTetanops myopaeformise0pest
Outcome
damage by the sugar-beet root maggote0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“heptachlor-impregnated triple superphosphate (0-43-0) and heptaehlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre significantly reduced damage by the sugar-beet root maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 5–203 · show in text ↑
t0

“Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–59 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Heptachlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate reduced maggot damage.

Treatment
heptaehlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) at 1 lb. of toxicant per acree0
Interactor
sugar-beet root maggotTetanops myopaeformise0pest
Outcome
damage by the sugar-beet root maggote0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“heptachlor-impregnated triple superphosphate (0-43-0) and heptaehlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre significantly reduced damage by the sugar-beet root maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 5–203 · show in text ↑
t0

“Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–59 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethion reduced maggot damage.

Treatment
Ethion (Niagara Brand Spray Company Limited) at ] lb. per acree0
Interactor
Sugar-Beet Root MaggotTetanops myopaeformist0pest
Outcome
maggot damagee0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethion (Niagara Brand Spray Company Limited) at ] lb. per acre, Trithion ® ( O,O -diethyl S(p-ehlorophenylthio)methyl phosphorodithioate (Stauffer Chemical Company, Portland, Oregon)) at lib. per acre and seed treatments with heptachlor at both] and 2 oz. per acre also reduced maggot damage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 236–527 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sugar-Beet Root Maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–104 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trithion reduced maggot damage.

Treatment
Trithion ®e0
Interactor
Sugar-Beet Root MaggotTetanops myopaeformist0pest
Outcome
maggot damagee0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Trithion ® ( O,O -diethyl S(p-ehlorophenylthio)methyl phosphorodithioate (Stauffer Chemical Company, Portland, Oregon)) at lib. per acre and seed treatments with heptachlor at both] and 2 oz. per acre also reduced maggot damage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 300–527 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sugar-Beet Root Maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–104 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heptachlor seed treatments reduced maggot damage.

Treatment
seed treatments with heptachlor at both] and 2 oz. per acree0
Interactor
Sugar-Beet Root MaggotTetanops myopaeformist0pest
Outcome
maggot damagee0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seed treatments with heptachlor at both] and 2 oz. per acre also reduced maggot damage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 441–527 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sugar-Beet Root Maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–104 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Heptachlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate reduced seedling emergence.

Treatment
heptachlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate at 1 lb. of toxicant per acree0
Outcome
emergence of seedlingse0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The heptachlor-impregnated ammonium phosphate at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre a seed treatment with heptachlor at 4 oz. per acre, and Bayer 29493 ( O,O -dimethyl O -[4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl] phosphorothioate (Chemagro Corporation, Kansas City, Mo.)) at 1 Ib. per acre significantly reduced emergence of seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 529–838 · show in text ↑
t0

“Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–59 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Heptachlor seed treatment at 4 oz. per acre reduced seedling emergence.

Treatment
a seed treatment with heptachlor at 4 oz. per acree0
Outcome
emergence of seedlingse0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a seed treatment with heptachlor at 4 oz. per acre, and Bayer 29493 ( O,O -dimethyl O -[4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl] phosphorothioate (Chemagro Corporation, Kansas City, Mo.)) at 1 Ib. per acre significantly reduced emergence of seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 605–838 · show in text ↑
t0

“Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–59 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Bayer 29493 reduced seedling emergence.

Treatment
Bayer 29493e0
Outcome
emergence of seedlingse0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Bayer 29493 ( O,O -dimethyl O -[4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl] phosphorothioate (Chemagro Corporation, Kansas City, Mo.)) at 1 Ib. per acre significantly reduced emergence of seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 661–838 · show in text ↑
t0

“Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–59 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bayer 29493 gave little maggot control.

Treatment
Insecticidest0
Interactor
Sugar-Beet Root MaggotTetanops myopaeformist0pest
Outcome
little control of the maggote0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the latter treatment gave little control of the maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 844–898 · show in text ↑
t0

“Insecticides on Emergence of Sugar-Beet Seedlings and on Control of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–104 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

One pound of heptachlor in the drill row gave the most effective control.

Treatment
1 lb. of heptachlor per acre placed in the drill row with the seede0
Interactor
Sugar-Beet Root MaggotTetanops myopaeformist0pest
Outcome
controllede0
Direction
most effectivelye0
Setting
southern Albertae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“most effectively controlled in southern Alberta with 1 lb. of heptachlor per acre placed in the drill row with the seed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 930–1049 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sugar-Beet Root Maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–104 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Three pounds of heptachlor over the row gave the most effective control.

Treatment
3 Ib. per acre of heptachlor placed in a 5-inch hand over the rowe0
Interactor
Sugar-Beet Root MaggotTetanops myopaeformist0pest
Outcome
Control of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggott0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“or 3 Ib. per acre of heptachlor placed in a 5-inch hand over the row”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1050–1118 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sugar-Beet Seedlings and on Control of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–104 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Both effective heptachlor treatments left heptachlor and epoxide residues in harvested roots.

Organ / stage
roots at harveste0
Outcome
residues of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxidee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris · TaxonQuadell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“These two treatments, however, left residues of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in the sugar-beet roots at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1120–1236 · show in text ↑

diammonium hydrogen phosphate · Tetanops myopaeformis · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

heptachlor · Tetanops myopaeformis · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

seed treatment · Tetanops myopaeformis · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

seed treatment · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results

34 papers: 31 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

30 papers more in this group

See all 34 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.