Abstract
Abstract The effect of tropical environmental conditions on rice breakage during milling was studied. Long grain rough rice (Oryza sativa L) of Suphan‐60 variety from Thailand was freshly harvested at 22.5% moisture content (wet basis), threshed in the field and subsequently dried by aeration in a flat bed grain dryer to 14% moisture content. About 200 g of previously cleaned, well mixed samples were placed in moisture‐free polyethylene bags and stored temporarily in cooling chambers (4–5°C). Rough rice samples were subjected to environmental conditions of 20–35°C and relative humidity of 40–90% during milling. The results indicated that the head rice yield decreased with increase in milling environment temperature at different relative humidity conditions. Head rice yield decreased by approximately 3.51%, 1.26% and 1.65% for increased temperature of 20–35°C at 40%, 60% and 80% relative humidities, respectively. Furthermore, the results also showed that the highest head rice yields of 55.30 to 56.01% were obtained at 70–80% relative humidities and in the 20–25°C temperature range. The effect of tempering on rice kernel breakage during the milling process was also studied. The results showed that during tempering treatment kernel temperature rise during milling was reduced by 2.2°C and 2.87°C for two and three passes, respectively. A head rice yield increase of 0.95 to 1.12% was observed during the tempering process. Increasing the number of passes from one to three during milling results in a lower kernel temperature rise and a higher yield of 2.08 and 1.30% for with and without tempering, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Head rice yield decreased as milling temperature increased at different humidity levels.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- increase in milling environment temperaturee0
- Outcome
- head rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“head rice yield decreased with increase in milling environment temperature at different relative humidity conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40% RH, warming from 20–35°C decreased head rice yield 3.51%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increased temperature of 20–35°Ce0
- Outcome
- Head rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3.51%e0
- Qualifier
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head rice yield decreased by approximately 3.51%, 1.26% and 1.65% for increased temperature of 20–35°C at 40%, 60% and 80% relative humidities, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60% RH, warming decreased head rice yield 1.26%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increased temperature of 20–35°Ce0
- Outcome
- Head rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.26%e0
- Qualifier
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head rice yield decreased by approximately 3.51%, 1.26% and 1.65% for increased temperature of 20–35°C at 40%, 60% and 80% relative humidities, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% RH, warming decreased head rice yield 1.65%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increased temperature of 20–35°Ce0
- Outcome
- Head rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.65%e0
- Qualifier
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head rice yield decreased by approximately 3.51%, 1.26% and 1.65% for increased temperature of 20–35°C at 40%, 60% and 80% relative humidities, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest head rice yields were 55.30 to 56.01% at 70–80% RH and 20–25°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- head rice yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 55.30 to 56.01%e0
- Qualifier
- 70–80% relative humidities and in the 20–25°C temperature rangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest head rice yields of 55.30 to 56.01% were obtained at 70–80% relative humidities and in the 20–25°C temperature range”
Claim · model-written summary
Tempering reduced kernel temperature rise by 2.2°C for two passes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- tempering treatmente0
- Outcome
- kernel temperature risee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.2°Ce0
- Qualifier
- twoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during tempering treatment kernel temperature rise during milling was reduced by 2.2°C and 2.87°C for two and three passes, respectively”
t0“rice kernel breakage during milling”
Claim · model-written summary
Tempering reduced kernel temperature rise by 2.87°C for three passes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- tempering treatmente0
- Outcome
- kernel temperature risee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.87°Ce0
- Qualifier
- three passese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during tempering treatment kernel temperature rise during milling was reduced by 2.2°C and 2.87°C for two and three passes, respectively”
t0“rice kernel breakage during milling”
Claim · model-written summary
Tempering increased head rice yield by 0.95 to 1.12%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- tempering processe0
- Outcome
- head rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.95 to 1.12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A head rice yield increase of 0.95 to 1.12% was observed during the tempering process”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing passes from one to three lowered kernel temperature rise.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the number of passes from one to threee0
- Outcome
- kernel temperature risee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the number of passes from one to three during milling results in a lower kernel temperature rise”
t0“rice kernel breakage during milling”
Claim · model-written summary
With tempering, three passes raised yield by 2.08%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the number of passes from one to threee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.08e0
- Qualifier
- withe0
- Comparator
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the number of passes from one to three during milling results in a lower kernel temperature rise and a higher yield of 2.08 and 1.30% for with and without tempering, respectively”
t0“rice kernel breakage during milling”
Claim · model-written summary
Without tempering, three passes raised yield by 1.30%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the number of passes from one to threee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.30%e0
- Qualifier
- without temperinge0
- Comparator
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the number of passes from one to three during milling results in a lower kernel temperature rise and a higher yield of 2.08 and 1.30% for with and without tempering, respectively”
t0“rice kernel breakage during milling”
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