Abstract
In Catharanthus roseus cell cultures, the terpenoid moiety is considered as the limiting factor in terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) production. The pathway of terpenoidal precursors in TIA is strongly linked with other terpenoid pathways, suggesting that TIA production might be limited by competition for the five-carbon (C5) precursors. This raises the question whether the stimulation of TIA production by certain signal molecules is due to a redistribution of C5 precursors between the associated terpenoid pathways and/or to a total increase of the precursor availability. To investigate the effect of a TIA-increasing signal molecule on C5 distribution, the cell suspension cultures of C. roseus were elicited with jasmonic acid (JA) and the metabolic changes of different terpenoid pathways were evaluated targeting on TIA (monoterpenoid; C10), carotenoids (tetraterpenoid; C40), and phytosterols (triterpenoid; C30). The chromatographic analyses showed that TIA and carotenoid levels almost doubled upon JA elicitation, while phytosterol levels remained constant if compared to the controls. Apparently, both TIA and carotenoid routes benefit from an increased C5 flow in the methyl-erythritol phosphate pathway, and potential export of C5 precursors to the cytosolic terpenoid routes, e.g., towards the phytosterols is minimal. However, the relative composition of individual compounds within each group remains similar when comparing elicited and control cells. This suggests that the increased production of TIA and carotenoid upon JA elicitation is predominantly caused by an increase of the precursor availability rather than due to a redistribution of C5 precursors between the associated terpenoid pathways. Furthermore, NMR-based metabolomics analysis showed a discrimination of JA-elicited and control cells between 24 and 72 h after treatments with significant changes in levels of strictosidine, malic acid, and sucrose. This study portrays metabolic alterations upon JA elicitation and channeling of C5 precursors in different terpenoid biosynthetic pathways, which provides a knowledge platform for developing strategies to engineer fluxes in a complex biosynthetic network in order to obtain high TIA-producing C. roseus cell lines.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid elicitation almost doubled TIA and carotenoid levels compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseust1 - Material
- cell suspension culturest1
- Treatment
- JA elicitatione1
- Outcome
- TIA and carotenoid levelse1
- Direction
- almost doublede1
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e1“TIA and carotenoid levels almost doubled upon JA elicitation”
e2“The chromatographic analyses showed that TIA and carotenoid levels almost doubled upon JA elicitation, while phytosterol levels remained constant if compared to the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid elicitation left phytosterol levels constant compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseust1
- Material
- cell suspension culturest1
- Treatment
- JA elicitatione2
- Outcome
- phytosterol levelse2
- Direction
- remained constante2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e2“The chromatographic analyses showed that TIA and carotenoid levels almost doubled upon JA elicitation, while phytosterol levels remained constant if compared to the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative composition of individual compounds within each terpenoid group was similar in elicited and control cells.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseust1
- Outcome
- relative composition of individual compounds within each groupe3
- Direction
- remains similare3
- Comparator
- control cellse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e3“the relative composition of individual compounds within each group remains similar when comparing elicited and control cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased TIA and carotenoid production upon JA elicitation is proposed to be caused mainly by increased precursor availability rather than by redistribution of C5 precursors.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseust1
- Compound
- C5 precursorse4
- Outcome
- increased production of TIA and carotenoide4
- Qualifier
- an increase of the precursor availabilitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e4“This suggests that the increased production of TIA and carotenoid upon JA elicitation is predominantly caused by an increase of the precursor availability rather than due to a redistribution of C5 precursors between the associated terpenoid pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Both TIA and carotenoid routes benefit from increased C5 flow in the methyl-erythritol phosphate pathway, with minimal export of C5 precursors towards phytosterols.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseust1
- Compound
- C5 precursorse5
- Outcome
- increased C5 flow in the methyl-erythritol phosphate pathwaye5
- Qualifier
- towards the phytosterols is minimale5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e5“Apparently, both TIA and carotenoid routes benefit from an increased C5 flow in the methyl-erythritol phosphate pathway, and potential export of C5 precursors to the cytosolic terpenoid routes, e.g., towards the phytosterols is minimal”
Claim · model-written summary
NMR-based metabolomics discriminated JA-elicited from control cells between 24 and 72 h after treatment.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseust1
- Outcome
- discrimination of JA-elicited and control cellse6
- Qualifier
- between 24 and 72 h after treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e6“Furthermore, NMR-based metabolomics analysis showed a discrimination of JA-elicited and control cells between 24 and 72 h after treatments with significant changes in levels of strictosidine, malic acid, and sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
JA elicitation significantly changed levels of strictosidine, malic acid and sucrose in Catharanthus roseus cells.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseust1
- Compound
- strictosidine, malic acid, and sucrosee6
- Outcome
- levels of strictosidine, malic acid, and sucrosee6
- Direction
- changese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures”
e6“Furthermore, NMR-based metabolomics analysis showed a discrimination of JA-elicited and control cells between 24 and 72 h after treatments with significant changes in levels of strictosidine, malic acid, and sucrose”
The same questions in other papers
jasmonic acid · molecular: metabolites · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
jasmonic acid · quality: phytochemicals · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.