Abstract
Study was made of histological changes preceding and concomitant with observed gross inhibitions and stimulations induced in the Red Kidney bean seedling (Phaseolus vulgaris) following unilateral and band applications of 3% indoleacetic acid-lanolin paste to various loci of the hypocotyl in various stages of straightening and elongation. 2. Within 24-48 hours after application of IAA to the arched seedling gross changes include discoloration of tissues, temporary inhibition of straightening and elongation of the hypocotyl, and excessive increase in its diameter at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the treated area. Following application the cells of the concave side of the seedling arch at first stretch along radial and tangential, but not along the longitudinal, axes. This change in the normal pattern of orientation of the axes is responsible for delay in straightening and for deficient hypocotyl elongation and, at this stage, is the main factor in abnormal increases in diameter and in localized tumor formation. Eventual straightening of the treated hypocotyl and its finally deficient elongation are due to lengthening along the longitudinal axis which is less than in untreated hypocotyls but eventually equals the depressed elongation of cells on the convex side of the arch. Later both sides lengthen in the final phase of elongation. The abnormal increase in the hypocotyl volume at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the locus of application is due to increases in the cell volume and to enlarged intercellular spaces, formation of cortical schizogenous cavities, and to root meristems arising in the tumor opposite one or more rays. 3. When IAA paste was applied unilaterally to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 24-48 hours after the arch stage, negative bending of the hypocotyl was induced within 3-6 hours after application. Bends always occurred in the hypocotyl zone which was in process of elongating to mature length at the time of application. Curvatures were at, below, or above the treated area depending on the relative positions of the zone of elongation and of locus of treatment, provided the former was not too far above the latter. 4. Unilateral applications of 3% IAA to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 72 hours after the arch stage did not induce hypocotyl bending but did lead to tumor development at each locus. If the treated area was directly below the cotyledonary node on either the convex or the concave side, negative bending occurred in the zone of elongation of the first internode. 5 There is some evidence that IAA, or some substance activated by it, is capable of moving against the normal polarity gradient and under proper conditions can affect tissues above the site of application. 6. Histological studies of the bends indicated that they probably were entirely due to elongation which temporarily is excessive in rate and finally slightly deficient in amount in the cells on the treated side, and initially is deficient in rate and ultimately more deficient in amount in the cells on the opposite side. Changes in the normal pattern of cell enlargement along the three axes probably are functions of the IAA concentration in, and of the developmental stage of, the affected cell. Tumors formed at the locus of application in straightened hypocotyls treated with 3% IAA paste 24, 48, and 72 hours after the arch stage have their origin in excessive cellular stretching mainly along radial and less extensively along tangential axes. Later, cell divisions set in, and tumors develop as in treated arched hypocotyls.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
IAA application temporarily inhibited straightening and elongation of arched bean hypocotyls within 24–48 hours.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- application of IAAe0
- Outcome
- straightening and elongation of the hypocotyle0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 24-48 hourse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Within 24-48 hours after application of IAA to the arched seedling gross changes include discoloration of tissues, temporary inhibition of straightening and elongation of the hypocotyl”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA application discolored tissues of arched bean seedlings within 24–48 hours.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Within 24-48 hours after application of IAA to the arched seedling gross changes include discoloration of tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA application excessively increased arched bean hypocotyl diameter near the treated area.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the treated areae0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“excessive increase in its diameter at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the treated area”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells on the concave side of treated arched bean seedlings initially stretched radially and tangentially but not longitudinally.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Following application the cells of the concave side of the seedling arch at first stretch along radial and tangential, but not along the longitudinal, axes”
Claim · model-written summary
Altered cell expansion orientation delayed straightening and elongation and produced abnormal diameter increases and localized tumors.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“This change in the normal pattern of orientation of the axes is responsible for delay in straightening and for deficient hypocotyl elongation and, at this stage, is the main factor in abnormal increases in diameter and in localized tumor formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated bean hypocotyls eventually straightened but elongated less than untreated hypocotyls.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Eventual straightening of the treated hypocotyl and its finally deficient elongation are due to lengthening along the longitudinal axis which is less than in untreated hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased cell volume, intercellular spaces, cortical cavities, and root meristems contributed to abnormal treated hypocotyl volume.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“The abnormal increase in the hypocotyl volume at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the locus of application is due to increases in the cell volume and to enlarged intercellular spaces, formation of cortical schizogenous cavities, and to root meristems arising in the tumor opposite one or more rays”
Claim · model-written summary
Unilateral IAA treatment of straightened bean hypocotyls 24–48 hours after the arch stage induced negative bending within 3–6 hours.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- IAA paste was applied unilaterallye0
- Outcome
- negative bending of the hypocotyle0
- Value
- 3-6 hourse0
- Qualifier
- 24-48 hours after the arch stagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“When IAA paste was applied unilaterally to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 24-48 hours after the arch stage, negative bending of the hypocotyl was induced within 3-6 hours after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Bending occurred in the hypocotyl zone elongating at the time of IAA application, with curvature position depending on its position relative to treatment.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Bends always occurred in the hypocotyl zone which was in process of elongating to mature length at the time of application. Curvatures were at, below, or above the treated area depending on the relative positions of the zone of elongation and of locus of treatment, provided the former was not too far above the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Unilateral 3% IAA applied 72 hours after the arch stage did not induce bean hypocotyl bending.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Unilateral applications of 3% IAAe0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl bendinge0
- Direction
- did not inducee0
- Qualifier
- 72 hours after the arch stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Unilateral applications of 3% IAA to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 72 hours after the arch stage did not induce hypocotyl bending”
Claim · model-written summary
Unilateral 3% IAA applied 72 hours after the arch stage produced tumors at each treated hypocotyl locus.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Unilateral applications of 3% IAAe0
- Outcome
- tumor development at each locuse0
- Qualifier
- 72 hours after the arch stagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Unilateral applications of 3% IAA to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 72 hours after the arch stage did not induce hypocotyl bending but did lead to tumor development at each locus”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA applied directly below the cotyledonary node induced negative bending in the first internode elongation zone.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- treated area was directly below the cotyledonary nodee0
- Outcome
- negative bending occurred in the zone of elongation of the first internodee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“If the treated area was directly below the cotyledonary node on either the convex or the concave side, negative bending occurred in the zone of elongation of the first internode”
Claim · model-written summary
Evidence suggested that IAA or a substance it activates can move against normal polarity and affect tissues above its application site.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“There is some evidence that IAA, or some substance activated by it, is capable of moving against the normal polarity gradient and under proper conditions can affect tissues above the site of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential cell elongation on treated and opposite sides probably explained hypocotyl bending.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Histological studies of the bends indicated that they probably were entirely due to elongation which temporarily is excessive in rate and finally slightly deficient in amount in the cells on the treated side, and initially is deficient in rate and ultimately more deficient in amount in the cells on the opposite side”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA concentration and cellular developmental stage probably determined changes in cell enlargement axes.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Changes in the normal pattern of cell enlargement along the three axes probably are functions of the IAA concentration in, and of the developmental stage of, the affected cell”
Claim · model-written summary
Tumors at IAA treated straightened hypocotyl sites arose mainly through radial cellular stretching, followed by cell division.
Verbatim
t0“Bean Hypocotyl”
e0“Tumors formed at the locus of application in straightened hypocotyls treated with 3% IAA paste 24, 48, and 72 hours after the arch stage have their origin in excessive cellular stretching mainly along radial and less extensively along tangential axes. Later, cell divisions set in, and tumors develop as in treated arched hypocotyls”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.