Abstract
Light and sugars are fundamental elements of plant metabolism and play signaling roles in many processes. They are also critical factors determining the condition of plants cultured in vitro. The aim of this work was to investigate the simultaneous influence of irradiance and sugar content in the medium on the growth and photosynthetic apparatus condition of Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro. Plants were grown on media containing 1 or 3% of sucrose or glucose at three irradiances: 25, 100, and 250 μmol m −2 s −1 (weak, medium, and strong light). Media without sugar were used for control plants. Plant growth parameters were measured and the following physiological processes were investigated: photosynthesis, blue light-induced chloroplast relocations, and xanthophyll cycle activity. The expression of genes related to these processes was analyzed. The presence of sugar in the medium was found to be essential for the growth of Arabidopsis in vitro. Weak light significantly limited growth and the capacity to acclimate to changing light conditions. Strong light was a source of stress in some cases. Contrary to earlier reports, exogenous sugars showed a positive effect on photosynthesis. At higher concentration they acted as photoprotectants, overcoming the negative influence of strong light on photosynthesis and the xanthophyll cycle. The expression of all investigated genes was influenced by irradiance and sugar presence. In many cases differential effects of sugar type and concentration could be observed. The specific effects of some irradiance/sugar concentration combinations point to possible interactions between sugar- and light-induced signaling pathways.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar in the medium was essential for growth of Arabidopsis in vitro, compared with media without sugar.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- presence of sugar in the mediume1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- essentiale1
- Comparator
- Media without sugare2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The presence of sugar in the medium was found to be essential for the growth of Arabidopsis in vitro”
e2“Media without sugar were used for control plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak light significantly limited growth and the capacity of Arabidopsis to acclimate to changing light.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Weak lighte1
- Outcome
- growth and the capacity to acclimate to changing light conditionse1
- Direction
- limitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Weak light significantly limited growth and the capacity to acclimate to changing light conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong light was a source of stress in Arabidopsis cultured in vitro in some cases.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Strong lighte1
- Outcome
- stresse1
- Qualifier
- in some casese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Strong light was a source of stress in some cases”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sugars had a positive effect on photosynthesis of Arabidopsis in vitro, contrary to earlier reports.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- exogenous sugarse1
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- positive effecte1
- Qualifier
- Contrary to earlier reportse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Contrary to earlier reports, exogenous sugars showed a positive effect on photosynthesis”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher sugar concentration, sugars overcame the negative influence of strong light on photosynthesis and the xanthophyll cycle.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- higher concentratione1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and the xanthophyll cyclee1
- Direction
- overcoming the negative influencee1
- Qualifier
- strong lighte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At higher concentration they acted as photoprotectants, overcoming the negative influence of strong light on photosynthesis and the xanthophyll cycle”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of all investigated genes was influenced by irradiance and sugar presence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- irradiance and sugar presencee1
- Outcome
- expression of all investigated genese1
- Qualifier
- differential effects of sugar type and concentratione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The expression of all investigated genes was influenced by irradiance and sugar presence”
e2“In many cases differential effects of sugar type and concentration could be observed”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific irradiance and sugar concentration combinations point to possible interactions between sugar- and light-induced signaling pathways.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- irradiance/sugar concentration combinationse1
- Outcome
- interactions between sugar- and light-induced signaling pathwayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The specific effects of some irradiance/sugar concentration combinations point to possible interactions between sugar- and light-induced signaling pathways”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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