Abstract
AIMS: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus-plant symbiosis may induce morphological, physiological and/or biochemical changes in the host plants. This study was performed to investigate the effects of AM fungi on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel. METHODS AND RESULTS: Funnelliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis were chosen as inocula, and detailed attributes related to seedling performance (from seed to five-leaf stage), rhizospheric conditions and micro-organisms were measured and compared. Both of the chosen AM fungal inocula accelerated seed germination and enhanced growth and development, especially in the underground tissues, of seedlings. Specifically, AM fungal colonization improved the photosynthetic efficiency, rhizospheric soil respiration and absorption of certain nutrients in Ph. australis seedlings as well as the rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richness in different extents. However, the decreased metabolic diversity suggested that the effects of AM fungi on rhizospheric microbial communities are specific and selective. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, F. mosseae showed greater improvements in the performance of Ph. australis seedlings than R. irregularis. In addition, the potential applications of AM fungi as a 'bio-accelerator', 'biofortifier', and 'bio-enhancer' in phyto-rhizoremediation have been discussed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The main findings could preliminarily reveal the mechanisms behind AM fungus-plant symbioses and could be referred to when optimizing combined phyto-rhizoremediation before practical applications take place.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal inocula accelerated seed germination of Phragmites australis.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australis
Phragmites australist0 - Treatment
- AM fungal inoculae0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both of the chosen AM fungal inocula accelerated seed germination and enhanced growth and development, especially in the underground tissues, of seedlings”
t0“Seedling performance of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal inocula enhanced growth and development of Phragmites australis seedlings, especially in underground tissues.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Organ / stage
- underground tissuese0
- Treatment
- AM fungal inoculae0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both of the chosen AM fungal inocula accelerated seed germination and enhanced growth and development, especially in the underground tissues, of seedlings”
t0“Seedling performance of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal colonization improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Ph. australis seedlings.
- Taxon
- Ph. australise1
- Treatment
- AM fungal colonizatione1
- Interactor
- AM fungale1symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“AM fungal colonization improved the photosynthetic efficiency, rhizospheric soil respiration and absorption of certain nutrients in Ph. australis seedlings as well as the rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richness in different extents”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal colonization improved rhizospheric soil respiration of Ph. australis seedlings.
- Taxon
- Ph. australise1
- Treatment
- AM fungal colonizatione1
- Interactor
- AM fungale1symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizospheric soil respiratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“AM fungal colonization improved the photosynthetic efficiency, rhizospheric soil respiration and absorption of certain nutrients in Ph. australis seedlings as well as the rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richness in different extents”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal colonization improved nutrient absorption by Ph. australis seedlings.
- Taxon
- Ph. australise1
- Treatment
- AM fungal colonizatione1
- Interactor
- AM fungale1symbiont
- Outcome
- absorption of certain nutrientse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“AM fungal colonization improved the photosynthetic efficiency, rhizospheric soil respiration and absorption of certain nutrients in Ph. australis seedlings as well as the rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richness in different extents”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal colonization improved rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richness to different extents.
- Taxon
- Ph. australise1
- Treatment
- AM fungal colonizatione1
- Interactor
- AM fungale1symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richnesse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- in different extentse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“AM fungal colonization improved the photosynthetic efficiency, rhizospheric soil respiration and absorption of certain nutrients in Ph. australis seedlings as well as the rhizospheric microbial metabolic activity and richness in different extents”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi decreased the metabolic diversity of rhizospheric microbial communities of Phragmites australis, showing specific and selective effects.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae2symbiont
- Outcome
- metabolic diversitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“However, the decreased metabolic diversity suggested that the effects of AM fungi on rhizospheric microbial communities are specific and selective”
t0“Seedling performance of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Funnelliformis mosseae (F. mosseae) gave greater improvements in the performance of Ph. australis seedlings than Rhizophagus irregularis (R. irregularis).
- Taxon
- Ph. australise3
- Treatment
- F. mosseaee3
- Interactor
- F. mosseaee3symbiont
- Second interactor
- R. irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise3symbiont - Outcome
- performance of Ph. australis seedlingse3
- Direction
- greater improvementse3
- Comparator
- R. irregularise3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“F. mosseae showed greater improvements in the performance of Ph. australis seedlings than R. irregularis”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Phragmites australis (common reed)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · growth · Phragmites australis (common reed)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.