Abstract
P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed. To cushion this suppressive effects, plants were subjected to the following treatments: Plant + Soil (PS) (Control); Plant + Soil + Oil (PSO); Plant + Soil + Oil + Fertilizer (PSOF); Plant +Soil + Oil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms (PSOFM); and Plant + Soil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms + Solarization (PSOFMS). Treatments were monitored for 120 days to determine their effects on the following growth parameters: Germination, germination percentage, height, and root length, dry weight, and leaf area. Results indicated that treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum; while root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05). Overall, growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
P. australis tolerated some soil crude oil but growth traits were depressed.
- Taxon
- P. australis
Phragmites australise0 - Treatment
- crude oil in soile0
- Outcome
- growth characteristicse0
- Direction
- depressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed”
Claim · model-written summary
E. crassipes tolerated some soil crude oil but growth traits were depressed.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed”
Claim · model-written summary
S. officinarum tolerated some soil crude oil but growth traits were depressed.
- Taxon
- S. officinarum
Saccharum officinarume0 - Treatment
- crude oil in soile0
- Outcome
- growth characteristicse0
- Direction
- depressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOF enhanced P. australis growth parameters over PSO except germination.
- Taxon
- P. australisPhragmites australise0
- Treatment
- PSOFe0
- Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- exception of germinatione0
- Comparator
- PSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOFM enhanced P. australis growth parameters over PSO except germination.
- Taxon
- P. australisPhragmites australise0
- Treatment
- PSOFMe0
- Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- exception of germinatione0
- Comparator
- PSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOFMS enhanced P. australis growth parameters over PSO except germination.
- Taxon
- P. australisPhragmites australise0
- Treatment
- PSOFMSe0
- Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- exception of germinatione0
- Comparator
- PSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOF enhanced E. crassipes growth parameters over PSO.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
e1“E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOFM enhanced E. crassipes growth parameters over PSO.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
e1“E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOFMS enhanced E. crassipes growth parameters over PSO.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
e1“E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOF enhanced S. officinarum growth parameters over PSO except germination.
- Taxon
- S. officinarumSaccharum officinarume0
- Treatment
- PSOFe0
- Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- exception of germinatione0
- Comparator
- PSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOFM enhanced S. officinarum growth parameters over PSO except germination.
- Taxon
- S. officinarumSaccharum officinarume0
- Treatment
- PSOFMe0
- Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- exception of germinatione0
- Comparator
- PSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
Claim · model-written summary
PSOFMS enhanced S. officinarum growth parameters over PSO except germination.
- Taxon
- S. officinarumSaccharum officinarume0
- Treatment
- PSOFMSe0
- Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- exception of germinatione0
- Comparator
- PSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum”
Claim · model-written summary
E. crassipes root length and leaf area were statistically the same under PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS.
Verbatim
e0“root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment growth efficiency ranked PSOFM highest, then PSOF, then PSOFMS.
Verbatim
e0“growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS”
t0“Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes and Saccharum officinarum”
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