Abstract
A two-year trial was carried out on sweet sorghum, grown in semi-arid environments of southern Europe. The trial was aimed to monitor the main components of the crop N-balance under different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilization rates, in factorial combination. A rainfed condition (only one watering soon after sowing) was compared with a deficit irrigation regime and a full irrigation treatment (50 and 100% restoration of total crop water consumption, respectively). Crop nitrogen uptake always showed to be the highest N-balance components and was included in the range of 125-194 kg ha-1 during 1997-1998, with respect to the total shoot biomass, according to the nitrogen fertilization rate; consequently, it significantly reduced both nitrogen concentration in the soil solution and the total nitrogen loss due to drainage. Nitrogen concentration in the drainage water didn’t result to be strictly dependent on the rate of fertiliser applied but on the actual soil nitrogen content; the maximum registered value of total nitrogen lost by leaching was 1.9 kg ha-1. Differently, total nitrogen loss due to volatilisation was proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied; irrigation favourably reduced this kind of loss. The limited amount of Nvolatilisation loss was probably due to the neutral pH soil conditions; as an order of magnitude, referring to the highest fertilized but rainfed treatment, the utmost N-volatilisation loss was equal to 5.5 Kg ha-1, as an average over the three years, that is to say less than the 5% of the fertilization rate. A fertilisation rate of 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen, together with water application, generally produced a balance between crop N-uptake and total N-loss due to volatilisation and drainage (only the stalk biomass was considered in this calculation). Lower rates of fertilizing nitrogen, indeed, determined a depletion in the soil nitrogen content because of the high crop biomass and the strong N-uptake by the crop, while rainfed conditions at the highest fertilization rate generally established a N-surplus.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Crop nitrogen uptake was the largest nitrogen balance component at 125-194 kg ha-1.
Verbatim
e0“Crop nitrogen uptake always showed to be the highest N-balance components and was included in the range of 125-194 kg ha-1 during 1997-1998”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop nitrogen uptake reduced soil solution nitrogen concentration and drainage loss.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume2
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration in the soil solution and the total nitrogen loss due to drainagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Crop nitrogen uptakee1
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSetting
Schema note from the model: The reported association is attributed to uptake but the schema relation factor is a physiological process.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly reduced both nitrogen concentration in the soil solution and the total nitrogen loss due to drainage”
e1“Crop nitrogen uptake”
e2“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Drainage water nitrogen concentration depended on actual soil nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- rate of fertiliser appliede0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentration in the drainage watere0
- Qualifier
- actual soil nitrogen contente0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentration in the drainage water didn’t result to be strictly dependent on the rate of fertiliser applied but on the actual soil nitrogen content”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum total nitrogen loss through leaching was 1.9 kg ha-1.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum registered value of total nitrogen lost by leaching was 1.9 kg ha-1”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatilization nitrogen loss increased with fertilizer amount.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- amount of fertilizer appliede0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen loss due to volatilisatione0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“total nitrogen loss due to volatilisation was proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation reduced nitrogen loss through volatilization.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume2
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen loss due to volatilisatione1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“irrigation favourably reduced this kind of loss”
e1“total nitrogen loss due to volatilisation”
e2“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum volatilization loss under the highest fertilized rainfed treatment was 5.5 Kg ha-1 and less than 5% of fertilizer rate.
Verbatim
e0“referring to the highest fertilized but rainfed treatment, the utmost N-volatilisation loss was equal to 5.5 Kg ha-1, as an average over the three years, that is to say less than the 5% of the fertilization rate”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
A 120 Kg ha-1 nitrogen rate with water application balanced crop uptake and losses.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen, together with water applicatione0
- Outcome
- balance between crop N-uptake and total N-loss due to volatilisation and drainagee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A fertilisation rate of 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen, together with water application, generally produced a balance between crop N-uptake and total N-loss due to volatilisation and drainage”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen fertilizer rates depleted soil nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- Lower rates of fertilizing nitrogene0
- Outcome
- soil nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- depletione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lower rates of fertilizing nitrogen, indeed, determined a depletion in the soil nitrogen content”
e1“sweet sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfed conditions at the highest fertilizer rate established a nitrogen surplus.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghume1
- Treatment
- rainfed conditions at the highest fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- N-surpluse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“rainfed conditions at the highest fertilization rate generally established a N-surplus”
e1“sweet sorghum”
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