Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Nitrogen fertilization can increase sorghum yield and quality and the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) accumulation in plants, increasing the risk of animal toxicity, particularly under drought conditions. In this study, plants of three sorghum genotypes (sweet sorghum, sudangrass and hybrid sorghum) were supplemented with nitrogen (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha −1 ) under well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions, aiming to investigate the responses of morpho‐physiological parameters and HCN accumulation to drought and nitrogen fertilization. RESULTS Drought caused a decline in growth and photosynthesis. Average HCN content increased by 27.85% in drought‐stressed plants when compared with those in well‐watered plants. Drought increased the proline and soluble protein content, the content of O 2 − , H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of all three genotypes. Maximum plant growth and higher plant nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed at 120 kg N ha −1 , followed by 90 and 60 kg N ha −1 . However, a sharp increase in HCN content and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed when nitrogen rates increased from 90 to 120 kg N ha −1 , suggesting that 90 kg N ha −1 might be better for sorghums under drought conditions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that optimum nitrogen application on sorghum under drought conditions could achieve a balance between plant defense and food safety, attributed to the reduced MDA, O 2 − and H 2 O 2 accumulation, the improvement in photosynthesis parameters, the increase in soluble protein and proline content, and the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced sorghum growth and photosynthesis.
- Treatment
- drought‐stressed conditionse2
- Outcome
- growth and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Comparator
- well‐waterede2
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought caused a decline in growth and photosynthesis”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
e2“well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised mean HCN content by 27.85% over well-watered plants.
- Treatment
- drought‐stressede0
- Outcome
- HCN contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.85%e0
- Comparator
- well‐watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average HCN content increased by 27.85% in drought‐stressed plants when compared with those in well‐watered plants”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased proline and soluble protein content in leaves of all three genotypes.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- proline and soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- well‐waterede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased the proline and soluble protein content, the content of O 2 − , H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of all three genotypes”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
e2“well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased leaf O 2 −, H 2 O 2 and MDA content in all three genotypes.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- content of O 2 − , H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- well‐waterede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased the proline and soluble protein content, the content of O 2 − , H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of all three genotypes”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
e2“well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased leaf antioxidant enzyme activities in all three genotypes.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- well‐waterede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased the proline and soluble protein content, the content of O 2 − , H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of all three genotypes”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
e2“well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The 120 kg N ha −1 rate produced maximum plant growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum plant growth and higher plant nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed at 120 kg N ha −1 , followed by 90 and 60 kg N ha −1”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The 120 kg N ha −1 rate increased plant nitrogen and phosphorus content compared with lower rates.
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- plant nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 90 and 60 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum plant growth and higher plant nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed at 120 kg N ha −1 , followed by 90 and 60 kg N ha −1”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 90 to 120 kg N ha −1 sharply raised HCN content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a sharp increase in HCN content and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed when nitrogen rates increased from 90 to 120 kg N ha −1”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 90 to 120 kg N ha −1 decreased antioxidant enzyme activities.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a sharp increase in HCN content and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed when nitrogen rates increased from 90 to 120 kg N ha −1”
e1“sorghum genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 90 kg N ha −1 under drought to balance defense and food safety.
- Outcome
- 90 kg N ha −1 might be better for sorghums under drought conditionse0
- Qualifier
- balance between plant defense and food safetye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“90 kg N ha −1 might be better for sorghums under drought conditions”
e1“achieve a balance between plant defense and food safety”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · SorghumResults differ
80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
89 papers more in this group
See all 93 papers →nitrogen · soil: biology · SorghumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
drought · physiology: oxidative · SorghumPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →drought · molecular: metabolites · SorghumPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · SorghumPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →drought · physiology: photosynthesis · SorghumPositive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: content · SorghumPositive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.