Abstract
Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench, is an important agricultural plant and is one of the most drought tolerant grain crops. Sorghum possesses various mechanisms which enable the plant to not only survive, but thrive, under conditions deleterious to other crop plants. Sorghum, therefore, is an excellent model plant for studying the complex phenomenon of drought tolerance. Two important, protective mechanisms are the accumulation of compatible organic solutes and the induction of protective gene products. The effect of drought stress was compared between a drought-tolerant (P954035) and drought-susceptible (P721N) sorghum genotypes. Gas-analysis and leaf water potential ($\Psi\sb{\rm w}$) measurements indicate clear phenotypic differences between the genotypes. Labeling studies with ($\sp{35}$S) -methionine and western blot analysis (using an anti-dehydrin antibody) identified a drought stress-inducible 21 kDa protein. A sorghum dehydrin cDNA, DHN1, was isolated from drought stressed sorghum seedlings and characterized. DHN1 encodes a small, hydrophillic protein of approximately 16.3 kDa. DHN1 mRNA expression and the accumulation of dehydrin protein in response to drought stress were investigated in sorghum seedlings and mature sorghum plants. The accumulation of glycinebetaine is induced by drought stress in sorghum. Two sorghum cDNA clones (BADH1 and BADH15) encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) were isolated and characterized. BADH1 is a truncated cDNA 1376 bp in length. BADH15 is a full-length cDNA clone predicted to encode a protein of approximately 53.6 kDa. The predicted peptide sequences of BADH1 and BADH15 share significant homology with other plant BADHs. The effects of pre-flowering drought stress upon BADH mRNA expression, leaf water relations, solute composition and osmotic adjustment (OA) were investigated in mature sorghum plants (P954035). In response to drought stress, proline levels increased 108-fold and glycinebetaine levels increased 26-fold. BADH1 and BADH15 mRNA are both drought stress-inducible and the expression correlates with the observed glycinebetaine accumulation. Accumulation of these compatible solutes contributes to osmotic potential ($\Psi\sb\pi$) and allowed P954035 to develop a maximal OA of 0.405 MPa. Finally, a restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with BADH1 was mapped in Zea mays to the centromere of chromosome 4. The locus was designated bet2.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Gas analysis and leaf water potential measurements showed clear phenotypic differences between drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible sorghum genotypes.
SorghumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of drought stress was compared between a drought-tolerant (P954035) and drought-susceptible (P721N) sorghum genotypes. Gas-analysis and leaf water potential ($\Psi\sb{\rm w}$) measurements indicate clear phenotypic differences between the genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
A drought-inducible 21 kDa protein was identified in sorghum.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified a drought stress-inducible 21 kDa protein.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum dehydrin cDNA DHN1 was isolated and characterized from drought-stressed seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sorghum dehydrin cDNA, DHN1, was isolated from drought stressed sorghum seedlings and characterized.”
Claim · model-written summary
DHN1 encodes a small hydrophilic protein of approximately 16.3 kDa.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DHN1 encodes a small, hydrophillic protein of approximately 16.3 kDa.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought induces glycinebetaine accumulation in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of glycinebetaine is induced by drought stress in sorghum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum cDNA BADH1 encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase was isolated and characterized.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two sorghum cDNA clones (BADH1 and BADH15) encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) were isolated and characterized.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum cDNA BADH15 encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase was isolated and characterized.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two sorghum cDNA clones (BADH1 and BADH15) encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) were isolated and characterized.”
Claim · model-written summary
BADH1 is a truncated cDNA 1376 bp long.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BADH1 is a truncated cDNA 1376 bp in length.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-length BADH15 cDNA is predicted to encode a protein of approximately 53.6 kDa.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BADH15 is a full-length cDNA clone predicted to encode a protein of approximately 53.6 kDa.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted BADH1 peptide sequence shares significant homology with other plant BADHs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted peptide sequences of BADH1 and BADH15 share significant homology with other plant BADHs.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted BADH15 peptide sequence shares significant homology with other plant BADHs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted peptide sequences of BADH1 and BADH15 share significant homology with other plant BADHs.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased sorghum proline levels 108-fold.
- Material
- P954035e1
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 108-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to drought stress, proline levels increased 108-fold and glycinebetaine levels increased 26-fold.”
e1“were investigated in mature sorghum plants (P954035).”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased sorghum glycinebetaine levels 26-fold.
- Material
- P954035e1
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- glycinebetaine levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to drought stress, proline levels increased 108-fold and glycinebetaine levels increased 26-fold.”
e1“were investigated in mature sorghum plants (P954035).”
Claim · model-written summary
BADH1 mRNA is drought inducible in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BADH1 and BADH15 mRNA are both drought stress-inducible”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
BADH15 mRNA is drought inducible in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BADH1 and BADH15 mRNA are both drought stress-inducible”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
BADH1 expression correlates with glycinebetaine accumulation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BADH1 and BADH15 mRNA are both drought stress-inducible and the expression correlates with the observed glycinebetaine accumulation.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
BADH15 expression correlates with glycinebetaine accumulation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BADH1 and BADH15 mRNA are both drought stress-inducible and the expression correlates with the observed glycinebetaine accumulation.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Compatible solute accumulation contributes to osmotic potential and enabled P954035 to achieve maximal osmotic adjustment of 0.405 MPa.
- Material
- P954035e0
- Compound
- prolinee1
- Outcome
- osmotic potentiale0
- Direction
- maximale0
- Value
- 0.405 MPae0
- Qualifier
- Accumulation of these compatible solutese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of these compatible solutes contributes to osmotic potential ($\Psi\sb\pi$) and allowed P954035 to develop a maximal OA of 0.405 MPa.”
e1“In response to drought stress, proline levels increased 108-fold and glycinebetaine levels increased 26-fold.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
A BADH1-associated RFLP mapped to the centromere of maize chromosome 4 and was designated bet2.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finally, a restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with BADH1 was mapped in Zea mays to the centromere of chromosome 4. The locus was designated bet2.”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.