Abstract
A field experement was conducted of full season of 2008 in Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance . Results showed that CaCl2 increased leaf area of 10680.75 and 10311.00 cm2 and chlorophyll content of 871.75 and 863.00 mg.g-1 respectively. While the water soaking was superior to increase leaf content of proline of 6.12 and 6.53 mg.g-1 which subjected to once or twice water- stressed reaspectively. Water stress led to significant decrease plant height in each growth stage of 163.75 and 159.12 cm for once and twice respectively. The stress at GS1 significantly effected on leaf area decrease of 148 and 141 cm2 and chlorophyll content of 852 and 772 mg .g-1 ,while plants subjected to stress at GS2 gain the highest proline of 6.5 and 7.14 mg.g-1 and protein % of 9.0 and 9.1% , for once and twice respectively . The combination of water soaking x water stress (once or twice) x GS2 gain highest proline content. It was concluded that the soaking of sorghum seeds are important technique and urgent necessary to enhance their plants potentiality to tolerate stress environment. Thus it could gave an acceptable yield under these environment .Therefore, it is recommended to pre-sowing soak seeds with CaCl2 solutions to activate and derivate seed potentiality to actively express itself then it could tolerate stress environment.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 soaking increased sorghum leaf area to 10680.75 cm2 under once water stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10680.75e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“CaCl2 increased leaf area of 10680.75 and 10311.00 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 soaking increased sorghum leaf area to 10311.00 cm2 under twice water stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10311.00 cm2e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“CaCl2 increased leaf area of 10680.75 and 10311.00 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 soaking increased sorghum chlorophyll content to 871.75 mg.g-1 under once water stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 871.75e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“chlorophyll content of 871.75 and 863.00 mg.g-1 respectively”
e2“CaCl2 increased leaf area of 10680.75 and 10311.00 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 soaking increased sorghum chlorophyll content to 863.00 mg.g-1 under twice water stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 863.00 mg.g-1e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“chlorophyll content of 871.75 and 863.00 mg.g-1 respectively”
e2“CaCl2 increased leaf area of 10680.75 and 10311.00 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Water soaking gave superior leaf proline content of 6.12 mg.g-1 with one water stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water soakinge1
- Outcome
- leaf content of prolinee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 6.12e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“water soaking was superior to increase leaf content of proline of 6.12 and 6.53 mg.g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Water soaking gave superior leaf proline content of 6.53 mg.g-1 with two water stresses.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water soakinge1
- Outcome
- leaf content of prolinee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 6.53 mg.g-1e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“water soaking was superior to increase leaf content of proline of 6.12 and 6.53 mg.g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
One water stress significantly decreased sorghum plant height to 163.75 cm.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 163.75e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“Water stress led to significant decrease plant height in each growth stage of 163.75 and 159.12 cm for once and twice respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Two water stresses significantly decreased sorghum plant height to 159.12 cm.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 159.12 cme1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“Water stress led to significant decrease plant height in each growth stage of 163.75 and 159.12 cm for once and twice respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress at GS1 significantly decreased leaf area to 148 cm2 after one stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 148e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“stress at GS1 significantly effected on leaf area decrease of 148 and 141 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress at GS1 significantly decreased leaf area to 141 cm2 after two stresses.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 141 cm2e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“stress at GS1 significantly effected on leaf area decrease of 148 and 141 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress at GS1 significantly decreased chlorophyll content to 852 mg .g-1 after one stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 852e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“chlorophyll content of 852 and 772 mg .g-1”
e2“stress at GS1 significantly effected on leaf area decrease of 148 and 141 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress at GS1 significantly decreased chlorophyll content to 772 mg .g-1 after two stresses.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 772 mg .g-1e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“chlorophyll content of 852 and 772 mg .g-1”
e2“stress at GS1 significantly effected on leaf area decrease of 148 and 141 cm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress at GS2 gave the highest proline content of 6.5 mg.g-1 after one stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- prolinee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 6.5e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“plants subjected to stress at GS2 gain the highest proline of 6.5 and 7.14 mg.g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress at GS2 gave the highest proline content of 7.14 mg.g-1 after two stresses.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- prolinee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 7.14 mg.g-1e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“plants subjected to stress at GS2 gain the highest proline of 6.5 and 7.14 mg.g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress at GS2 gave protein content of 9.0% after one stress.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- protein %e1
- Value
- 9.0e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“protein % of 9.0 and 9.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress at GS2 gave protein content of 9.1% after two stresses.
- Material
- Kafire0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- protein %e1
- Value
- 9.1%e1
- Setting
- Al-Khalis Experimental Statione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“Al-Khalis Experimental Station to investigate the effectiveness of presowing seeds soaking in water and ( CaCl2 ) solution then subjected the plants to water stress for once and twice at growth stages of GS1,GS2 and GS3 to show sorghum plants potentiality cv. Kafir of drought tolerance”
e1“protein % of 9.0 and 9.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Water soaking combined with water stress at GS2 gave the highest proline content.
- Treatment
- water soaking x water stress (once or twice) x GS2e0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“The combination of water soaking x water stress (once or twice) x GS2 gain highest proline content”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend presowing sorghum seed soaking with CaCl2 to improve stress tolerance.
- Outcome
- pre-sowing soak seeds with CaCl2 solutionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SORGHUM”
e0“it is recommended to pre-sowing soak seeds with CaCl2 solutions to activate and derivate seed potentiality to actively express itself then it could tolerate stress environment”
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