Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of urea addition on fermentation characteristics, losses and chemical composition of silage of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) ‘BRS Ponta Negra’. The sorghum plant was chopped and treated with different levels of urea (0.1756, 0.3512, 0.7024 and 1.4048 g per 10 kg fresh forage for the respective proportions of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% of forage (dry matter [DM] basis), and packed into quintuplicate experimen- tal silos to determine its effects on fermentation, losses and chemical composition of sorghum silages. Addition of urea increased lactic acid bacteria up to the level of 60 g kg−1 (DM basis). Compared with control silage, the addition of urea (p < 0.05) reduced DM losses. Urea-treated silages linearly increased (p < 0.05) the ammoniacal nitrogen and crude protein contents, and linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the ethanol content. The pH in urea-treated silages indicated better preservation of substrates obtained from fermentation. The intermediate level of 2.0% urea additive can be used to improve fermentation, reducing losses in sorghum silage without compromising lactic acid production. However, the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% urea to sorghum silage is sufficient to improve aerobic stability.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Urea increased lactic acid bacteria up to 60 g/kg DM.
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Interactor
- lactic acid bacteriae0other
- Outcome
- lactic acid bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60 g kg−1e0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of urea increased lactic acid bacteria up to the level of 60 g kg−1 (DM basis)”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea reduced dry matter losses relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control silage, the addition of urea (p < 0.05) reduced DM losses”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea linearly increased ammoniacal nitrogen.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea-treated silages linearly increased (p < 0.05) the ammoniacal nitrogen and crude protein contents”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea linearly increased crude protein.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea-treated silages linearly increased (p < 0.05) the ammoniacal nitrogen and crude protein contents”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea linearly reduced ethanol content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the ethanol content”
t0“urea addition on the fermentation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The pH of urea-treated silage indicated better preservation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pH in urea-treated silages indicated better preservation of substrates obtained from fermentation”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 2% urea to improve fermentation and reduce loss without lowering lactic acid.
- Treatment
- 2.0% urea additivee0
- Outcome
- improve fermentation, reducing losses in sorghum silage without compromising lactic acid productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intermediate level of 2.0% urea additive can be used to improve fermentation, reducing losses in sorghum silage without compromising lactic acid production”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors say 0.5% urea suffices for aerobic stability.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% urea to sorghum silage is sufficient to improve aerobic stability”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors say 1.0% urea suffices for aerobic stability.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% urea to sorghum silage is sufficient to improve aerobic stability”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: protein · SorghumResults differ
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- positive
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- no effect
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.