Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro fungicidal effects of calcium and chitosan on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and to as well determine their effects on storage life and quality of papaya. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) incorporated with calcium at different concentrations (1.5, 2.5 or 3.5%) or in combination with chitosan at 0.75% or chitosan alone were used as treatments for in vitro tests. Uncorporated treatments with PDA and untreated fruits as control used on papaya fruits for storage life and quality evolutions. Chitosan had the greatest effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in both in vitro and in disease incidence (%) on papaya fruits compared to calcium treatment and as well as control. Calcium reduced spores germination significantly as calcium concentrations increased from 2.5 to 3.5%, compared to the 1.5% and control treatments. However, it did not show any fungicidal effects on mycelial growth. The combination of 2.5% calcium with chitosan 0.75% completely inhibited spore germinations and significantly inhibited mycelia growth compared to calcium individual treatments and as well as control. Anthracnose disease incidence (%) was significantly controlled (5.6%) using calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosan compared with the other treatments. This demonstrated the best effect on controlling anthracnose disease incidence for papaya fruits. Moreover, this treatment proved able to extend the storage life of papaya fruits up to 33 days of storage life while maintaining valuable attributes of quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan had the greatest effect against Colletotrichum in vitro.
- Taxon
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0 - Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- calcium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan had the greatest effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in both in vitro and in disease incidence (%) on papaya fruits compared to calcium treatment and as well as control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan most reduced disease incidence on papaya fruit relative to calcium and control.
- Taxon
- papaya
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=60)
Carica papayae0 - Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence (%) on papaya fruitse0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- calcium treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan had the greatest effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in both in vitro and in disease incidence (%) on papaya fruits compared to calcium treatment and as well as control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium concentration from 2.5 to 3.5% significantly reduced fungal spore germination versus 1.5% and control.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- calcium concentrations increased from 2.5 to 3.5%e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Outcome
- spores germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 1.5% and control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium reduced spores germination significantly as calcium concentrations increased from 2.5 to 3.5%, compared to the 1.5% and control treatments.”
e1“chitosan on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
t0“Papaya (Carica papaya L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium showed no fungicidal effect on mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- Calciume1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it did not show any fungicidal effects on mycelial growth.”
e1“Calcium reduced spores germination”
e2“chitosan on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
t0“Papaya (Carica papaya L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 2.5% calcium and 0.75% chitosan completely inhibited fungal spore germination.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- 2.5% calcium with chitosan 0.75%e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinationse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Comparator
- calcium individual treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of 2.5% calcium with chitosan 0.75% completely inhibited spore germinations and significantly inhibited mycelia growth compared to calcium individual treatments and as well as control.”
e1“chitosan on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
t0“Papaya (Carica papaya L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment significantly inhibited fungal mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- 2.5% calcium with chitosan 0.75%e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelia growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- calcium individual treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of 2.5% calcium with chitosan 0.75% completely inhibited spore germinations and significantly inhibited mycelia growth compared to calcium individual treatments and as well as control.”
e1“chitosan on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
t0“Papaya (Carica papaya L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined calcium and chitosan controlled papaya anthracnose incidence to 5.6%.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosane0
- Outcome
- Anthracnose disease incidence (%)e0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 5.6%e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose disease incidence (%) was significantly controlled (5.6%) using calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosan compared with the other treatments.”
t0“Papaya (Carica papaya L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment extended papaya fruit storage life to 33 days.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayae0
- Treatment
- calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosane1
- Outcome
- storage life of papaya fruitse0
- Direction
- extende0
- Value
- 33 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment proved able to extend the storage life of papaya fruits up to 33 days of storage life while maintaining valuable attributes of quality.”
e1“calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosan”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment maintained papaya fruit quality attributes during storage.
- Taxon
- papayaCarica papayae0
- Treatment
- calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosane1
- Outcome
- valuable attributes of qualitye0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment proved able to extend the storage life of papaya fruits up to 33 days of storage life while maintaining valuable attributes of quality.”
e1“calcium at 2.5% combined with chitosan”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.