Abstract
This paper deals with the. changes of pectic contents in radish root during the process of pithy tissue formation.The pectic substances decrease in content in dry weight basis during the process of thickening growth or of pithy tissue formation. So that, the fractionation of fractions was tried for the first time, by the usual way. In general, the middle lamella fraction was large and the protopectin fraction was medium and the water soluble fraction was very small in amount. It appears that the root contains little water soluble pectin. Each fraction decreased in amount on fresh weight basis during the process of pithy tissue formation.Secondly, the fractionation of pectic substances in dry material was carried out by the extraction with one per cent ammonium oxalate at room temperature (F1), with N/30 hydrochloric acid at 85°C (F2), and again with one per cent ammonium oxalate at room temperature (F3). It seems that the fractions F1, F2, and F3 correspond to the easily soluble pectic acid or its salts, protopectin, and the highly insoluble pectic acid or its salts, respectively. If this is true, protopectin was high in the normal tissue, but low in content in the pithy tissue and the very insoluble pectate increased in percentage during the process of pithy tissue formation. It is possible that the pectic substances in pithy tissue was tansformed from protopectin into the highly insoluble pectic acid or its salts and this transformation was related to the cause of the sclerosis of the cell wall.Use of the intense marceration agent, the mixture of N/30 hydrochloric acid and one per cent ammonium oxalate, decreased the fraction of pectic acid or its salts in amount. If the middle lamella pectin consists mostly of pectic acid, the amount of pectic acid should show an inverse relationship between the normal tissue and pithy one. For that reason the middle lamella contains the pectic substances such as the protopectin in addition to the pectic acid. It seems therefore that the fractions of water soluble pectin, protopectin and the middle lamella pectin in the plant do not correspond to the fractions obtained by marceration agents in the chemical analysis.Furthermore, the amount of esterified pectins in flesh roots is determined by the histochemical test for pectin based on the reaction of hydroxamic acid with ferric ion. There is a linear relationship between the reflection density reading on the absorbance scale and the color intensity in the test sections. If the test sections are stored overnight in 0.5N hydrochloric acid in dry methanol, completely esterified sections are obtained. Total pectic subutances are estimated, using these sections. According to this method, it is clear that total pectic substances and the esterified pectin decreased markedly in content in a cross section area basis during the process of thickening growth or of pithiness and the esterified pectin was localized in the middle lamella and the primary cell wall of young parenchymatous cells, sclerenchymatous cells and meristematic tissues. And also these tissues had a high pectinesterase activity.As the non-pithy tissue has a number of vascular bundle in a cross section area basis, the reflectance density of color in test sections is given high values. In other words, there is a closer relationship between the reflecatance density of color and the number of coducting tissue or meristematic one. If the flesh tissue in radish root has a high distribution density of meristematic island, it seems impossible to suppose that the pithiness occurs.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pectic substances decreased in content on a dry weight basis during thickening growth or pithy tissue formation in radish root.
- Taxon
- radish root
Raphanus sativust0 - Outcome
- pectic substancese1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- in dry weight basise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e1“The pectic substances decrease in content in dry weight basis during the process of thickening growth or of pithy tissue formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish root contains very little water-soluble pectin.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- water soluble pectine2
- Direction
- littlee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e2“It appears that the root contains little water soluble pectin”
Claim · model-written summary
Each pectic fraction decreased in amount on a fresh weight basis during pithy tissue formation.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- Each fractione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- on fresh weight basise3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e3“Each fraction decreased in amount on fresh weight basis during the process of pithy tissue formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Protopectin was low in the pithy tissue compared with high levels in normal tissue.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- the pithy tissuee4
- Outcome
- protopectine4
- Direction
- lowe4
- Comparator
- normal tissuee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e4“protopectin was high in the normal tissue, but low in content in the pithy tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
The very insoluble pectate increased in percentage during pithy tissue formation.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- the very insoluble pectatee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- in percentagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e5“the very insoluble pectate increased in percentage during the process of pithy tissue formation”
Claim · model-written summary
It is possible that pectic substances in pithy tissue were transformed from protopectin into highly insoluble pectic acid, and this transformation is related to cell wall sclerosis.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Compound
- highly insoluble pectic acide6
- Outcome
- sclerosis of the cell walle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e6“It is possible that the pectic substances in pithy tissue was tansformed from protopectin into the highly insoluble pectic acid or its salts and this transformation was related to the cause of the sclerosis of the cell wall”
Claim · model-written summary
Total pectic substances and esterified pectin decreased markedly in content on a cross-section area basis during thickening growth or pithiness.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- total pectic substances and the esterified pectine7
- Direction
- decreased markedlye7
- Qualifier
- cross section area basise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e7“According to this method, it is clear that total pectic substances and the esterified pectin decreased markedly in content in a cross section area basis during the process of thickening growth or of pithiness”
Claim · model-written summary
Esterified pectin was localized in the middle lamella and primary cell wall of young parenchymatous cells, sclerenchymatous cells and meristematic tissues.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- young parenchymatous cellse1
- Outcome
- the esterified pectine1
- Qualifier
- localized in the middle lamella and the primary cell wall of young parenchymatous cells, sclerenchymatous cells and meristematic tissuese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e1“the esterified pectin was localized in the middle lamella and the primary cell wall of young parenchymatous cells, sclerenchymatous cells and meristematic tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Young meristematic tissues in radish root had a high pectinesterase activity.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- pectinesterase activitye1
- Direction
- highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e1“And also these tissues had a high pectinesterase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The reflectance density of colour has a closer relationship with the number of conducting tissue or meristematic tissue in non-pithy tissue.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- non-pithy tissuee1
- Outcome
- reflectance density of colore1
- Qualifier
- the number of coducting tissue or meristematic onee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e1“As the non-pithy tissue has a number of vascular bundle in a cross section area basis, the reflectance density of color in test sections is given high values”
e2“there is a closer relationship between the reflecatance density of color and the number of coducting tissue or meristematic one”
Claim · model-written summary
If flesh tissue of radish root has a high density of meristematic islands, pithiness is unlikely to occur.
- Taxon
- radish rootRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- flesh tissuee1
- Outcome
- the pithiness occurse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Studies on the pithiness of radish root. III.”
e1“If the flesh tissue in radish root has a high distribution density of meristematic island, it seems impossible to suppose that the pithiness occurs”