Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Br.] production in West Africa is currently characterised by shorter fallow periods and stagnat crop yields per unit area. These factors have led to declining soil nutrient status and subsquent expansion of area under pearl millet production to achieve satisfactory yields. Retaining crop residues in the field and using legume-based crop rotations have been suggested as ways to simultaneously increase yields per unit area and replenish soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of two cropping systems and three crop residue management practices on grain and stover yields of pearl millet and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], and to measure changes in soil nutrient levels. Long-term research studies were initiated at the Cinzana Research Station near Segou, Mali in 1990 to study the effects of three crop residue management treatments (i.e., residue removal, incorporation, and retention on the soil surface) in continuous pearl millet and pearl millet-cowpea rotational cropping systems. Generally, crop residue management treatments had no effect on pearl millet grain or stover yields for any given year. However, the seven-year mean grain yield was 180 kg ha-1 year (12%) significantly (P = 0.07) greater with incorporated residues than with residues removed. The four-year mean cowpea grain and stover yields were 186 to 240 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19 to 25%) and 316 to 350 kg-1 ha-1 year-1 (41 to 45%) greater with residue incorporation or retention on the surface than for the residue removed. Over the years, rotation with cowpea increased pearl millet grain yield by an average of 228 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (15%) and stover yield by 628 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19%). Retention of crop residues on the surface resulted in higher soil P levels than other residue treatments, and either incorporating or retaining residues on the soil surface resulted in higher soil K levels than crop residue removal. Incorporating crop residues and using crop rotation with cowpea increased the sustainability and productivity of pearl millet cropping in Mali. These practices therefore should be recommended.Key Words: Crop rotation, grain and stover yield, soil nutrient levelsRésuméL'aire de culture du petit mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Br.] augmente, la durée de la jachère traditionnelle diminue, le rendement des cultures stagne, et le statut des éléments nutritifs décline. La pratique de laisser les résidues de récolte au champ combinée à celle de la rotation des cultures avec le niébé a été suggérée comme un moyen d'accroître simultanément le rendement des cultures et d'améliorer le statut des éléments nutritifs du sol. L'objet de cette expérimentation était d'étudier l'influence de deux systèmes de culture et trois méthodes de gestion des résidues de récolte sur le rendement de grain et la production de biomasse du mil et du niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], et de mesurer le niveau des éléments nutritifs du sol. Une étude de longue durée portant sur la monoculture de mil et la rotation mil-niébé comme système de culture, l'exportation , l' incorporation au sol et la pratique de laisser les résidues en surface comme méthodes de gestion a été initiée en 1990 à la Station de Recherche Agronomique de Cinzana non loin de Ségou, au Mali. La gestion des résidues de récolte n'a eu aucun effet sur le rendement grain et de biomasse du petit mil dans aucune des années, cependant la moyenne sur sept ans était de 180 kg ha-1 an supérieure pour les parcelles avec incorporation de résidues que les parcelles dont les résidues ont été exportées (P=0.07). La production moyenne sur quatre ans de grain et de fanes de niébé était de 186 à 240 kg ha-1 an et 316 à 350 kg ha-1 an plus élevée pour les parcelles avec incorporation et la pratique de laisser les résidues en surface que celle de l'exportation. La rotation avec le niébé a augmenté le rendement grain du mil de 228 kg ha-1 an (15 %) et la production de biomasse de 628 kg ha-1 an (19 %). La méthode consistant à laisser les résidues de récolte en surface a eu un niveau de phosphore plus élevé que les autres traitements de gestion de résidues de récolte, et la méthode d'incorporer ou de laisser les résidues en surface a eu un niveau de potassium plus élevé que l'exportation des résidues de récolte. L'incorporation des résidues de récolte et la pratique de la rotation augmentent la durabilité et la productivité des systèmes de culture du mil.Mots Clés: Le niveau des éléments nutritifs du sol, rendement de grain et de biomasse, rotation de culture (African Crop Science Journal 8(4) 2000: 411-418)
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Residue management generally had no effect on annual pearl millet grain and stover yields.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- crop residue management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pearl millet grain or stover yieldse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop residue management treatments had no effect on pearl millet grain or stover yields for any given year”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation increased seven-year mean pearl millet grain yield by 180 kg ha-1 year (12%) versus removal.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- incorporated residuese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 180 kg ha-1 year (12%)e0
- Comparator
- residues removede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seven-year mean grain yield was 180 kg ha-1 year (12%) significantly (P = 0.07) greater with incorporated residues than with residues removed”
t0“pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue incorporation or surface retention increased four-year mean cowpea grain yield by 186 to 240 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19 to 25%) versus removal.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- residue incorporation or retention on the surfacee0
- Outcome
- cowpea graine0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 186 to 240 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19 to 25%)e0
- Comparator
- residue removede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four-year mean cowpea grain and stover yields were 186 to 240 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19 to 25%) and 316 to 350 kg-1 ha-1 year-1 (41 to 45%) greater with residue incorporation or retention on the surface than for the residue removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue incorporation or surface retention increased four-year mean cowpea stover yield by 316 to 350 kg-1 ha-1 year-1 (41 to 45%) versus removal.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- residue incorporation or retention on the surfacee0
- Outcome
- cowpea grain and stover yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 316 to 350 kg-1 ha-1 year-1 (41 to 45%)e0
- Comparator
- residue removede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four-year mean cowpea grain and stover yields were 186 to 240 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19 to 25%) and 316 to 350 kg-1 ha-1 year-1 (41 to 45%) greater with residue incorporation or retention on the surface than for the residue removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation with cowpea increased pearl millet grain yield by an average of 228 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (15%).
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- rotation with cowpeae0
- Outcome
- pearl millet grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 228 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (15%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotation with cowpea increased pearl millet grain yield by an average of 228 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation with cowpea increased pearl millet stover yield by 628 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19%).
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- rotation with cowpeae0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 628 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotation with cowpea increased pearl millet grain yield by an average of 228 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (15%) and stover yield by 628 kg-1 ha -1 year -1 (19%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface residue retention produced higher soil P levels than other residue treatments.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Retention of crop residues on the surfacee0
- Outcome
- soil P levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other residue treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Retention of crop residues on the surface resulted in higher soil P levels than other residue treatments”
t0“pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue incorporation or retention produced higher soil K levels than removal.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- incorporating or retaining residues on the soil surfacee0
- Outcome
- soil K levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- crop residue removale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“either incorporating or retaining residues on the soil surface resulted in higher soil K levels than crop residue removal”
t0“pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend incorporating crop residues and rotating pearl millet with cowpea.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Outcome
- Incorporating crop residues and using crop rotation with cowpeae0
- Setting
- Malie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporating crop residues and using crop rotation with cowpea increased the sustainability and productivity of pearl millet cropping in Mali. These practices therefore should be recommended”
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