Abstract
Abstract Arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and molybdenum (Mo) are known to coexist in the soil solution as anions and thus may exert antagonistic or synergistic effects on their absorption by and translocation within plants. To evaluate the effects of binary interactions [As(V) × Se(VI), Se(VI) × Mo(VI) and As(V) × Mo(VI)] on growth and composition of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), three glasshouse sand culture experiments were conducted. Treatments applied in the half‐strength Hoagland's solution alone and in all possible factorial combinations for a given interaction consisted of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg As(V) L −1 added as Na 2 HAsO 4 ; 0 , 0.5, and 1.0 mg Se(VI) L −1 added as Na 2 SeO 4 ; and 0.01, 1, 3, and 5 mg Mo(VI) L −1 added as Na 2 MoO 4 . Shoots were harvested three times and roots at the termination of the experiment. Plant tissues were dried, weighed, digested and analyzed for total As, Se, and Mo. Added Mo(VI) concentrations in the nutrient solutions had no significant effect on the tissue yield of alfalfa. Arsenic showed some adverse effect on shoot and root yields. The highest Se(VI) treatment decreased alfalfa shoot yield by 13.7 to 44.2% and root yield by 33% to 56.1%. The tissue As, Se, and Mo concentrations increased correspondingly with the increasing solution concentrations. At equal levels in the solution, alfalfa accumulated Se > Mo ≫ As. Increasing As(V) in solution caused significant increases in shoot Se concentrations and uptake, whereas solution Se(VI) showed a strong antagonistic effect on As uptake. The Se treatments significantly ( P ~ 0.05) increased concentrations and uptake by shoot and root at all levels of solution Mo, except 0.01 mg L −1 where 1.0 mg Se L −1 increased Mo concentration, but had no significant effect on Mo uptake. Increasing Mo levels in the nutrient solution showed no significant effect on Se concentration and uptake by root. However, at 1.0 mg Se(VI) L −1 , shoot Se concentration increased significantly at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo L −1 . The solution As(V) showed no significant effect on tissue Mo at 0.01 and 1.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1 but increased Mo concentrations in shoots significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1 . These interactions may help to understand the complex interactions in soilplant systems. Based on the observed elevated tissue concentrations of As, Se, and Mo, these results might have important environmental implications for phytotoxicity to plants and foraging animals.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Added Mo(VI) in the nutrient solution had no significant effect on tissue yield of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- Added Mo(VI) concentrations in the nutrient solutionse0
- Outcome
- tissue yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Added Mo(VI) concentrations in the nutrient solutions had no significant effect on the tissue yield of alfalfa”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic had some adverse effect on alfalfa shoot and root yields.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Arsenice0
- Outcome
- shoot and root yieldse0
- Direction
- adverse effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic showed some adverse effect on shoot and root yields”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Se(VI) treatment decreased alfalfa shoot yield by 13.7 to 44.2%.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- highest Se(VI) treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13.7 to 44.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest Se(VI) treatment decreased alfalfa shoot yield by 13.7 to 44.2% and root yield by 33% to 56.1%”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest Se(VI) treatment decreased alfalfa root yield by 33% to 56.1%.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- highest Se(VI) treatmente0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 33% to 56.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest Se(VI) treatment decreased alfalfa shoot yield by 13.7 to 44.2% and root yield by 33% to 56.1%”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue As, Se and Mo concentrations in alfalfa increased with increasing solution concentrations.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing solution concentrationse0
- Outcome
- tissue As, Se, and Mo concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tissue As, Se, and Mo concentrations increased correspondingly with the increasing solution concentrations”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At equal solution levels, alfalfa accumulated Se more than Mo, and Mo far more than As.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- accumulated Se > Mo ≫ Ase0
- Qualifier
- At equal levels in the solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At equal levels in the solution, alfalfa accumulated Se > Mo ≫ As”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing As(V) in solution significantly increased shoot Se concentrations and uptake in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing As(V) in solutione0
- Outcome
- shoot Se concentrations and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing As(V) in solution caused significant increases in shoot Se concentrations and uptake”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Solution Se(VI) had a strong antagonistic effect on As uptake in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- solution Se(VI)e0
- Outcome
- As uptakee0
- Direction
- antagonistic effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“solution Se(VI) showed a strong antagonistic effect on As uptake”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Se treatments significantly increased concentrations and uptake by shoot and root at all levels of solution Mo (except 0.01 mg Mo L-1).
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote0
- Treatment
- Se treatmentse0
- Outcome
- concentrations and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at all levels of solution Moe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Se treatments significantly ( P ~ 0.05) increased concentrations and uptake by shoot and root at all levels of solution Mo”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.01 mg Mo L-1, 1.0 mg Se L-1 increased Mo concentration in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg Se L −1e0
- Outcome
- Mo concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.0 mg Se L −1 increased Mo concentration, but had no significant effect on Mo uptake”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.01 mg Mo L-1, 1.0 mg Se L-1 had no significant effect on Mo uptake in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg Se L −1e0
- Outcome
- Mo uptakee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.0 mg Se L −1 increased Mo concentration, but had no significant effect on Mo uptake”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Mo in the nutrient solution had no significant effect on Se concentration and uptake by alfalfa roots.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing Mo levels in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- Se concentration and uptake by roote0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing Mo levels in the nutrient solution showed no significant effect on Se concentration and uptake by root”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 mg Se(VI) L-1, shoot Se concentration increased significantly at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo L-1.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo L −1e0
- Outcome
- shoot Se concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at 1.0 mg Se(VI) L −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 1.0 mg Se(VI) L −1 , shoot Se concentration increased significantly at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo L −1”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Solution As(V) had no significant effect on tissue Mo at 0.01 and 1.0 mg Mo(VI) L-1.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- solution As(V)e0
- Outcome
- tissue Moe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- at 0.01 and 1.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The solution As(V) showed no significant effect on tissue Mo at 0.01 and 1.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1 but increased Mo concentrations in shoots significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Solution As(V) significantly increased Mo concentrations in alfalfa shoots at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo(VI) L-1.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- solution As(V)e0
- Outcome
- Mo concentrations in shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The solution As(V) showed no significant effect on tissue Mo at 0.01 and 1.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1 but increased Mo concentrations in shoots significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) at 3.0 and 5.0 mg Mo(VI) L −1”
t0“Alfalfa”
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