Abstract
Pharmacological, laser scanning confocal microscopic (LSCM), real-time PCR and spectrophotographic approaches are used to study the roles of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) in signaling transduction of stomatal movement response to ethylene in Arabidopsis thaliana . In the present study, inhibitors of H 2 S synthesis were found to block ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis . Treatment with ethylene induced H 2 S generation and increased L -/ D -cysteine desulfhydrase (pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme) activity in leaves. Quantitative PCR analysis showed AtL-CDes and AtD-CDes transcripts were induced by ethylene. It is suggested that ethylene-induced H 2 S levels and L -/ D -cysteine desulfhydrase activity decreased when NO was compromised. The data clearly show that ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants, but failed in the Atnia1,nia2 mutant. Inhibitors of H 2 S synthesis had no effect on ethylene-induced NO accumulation and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in guard cells or leaves of Arabidopsis , whereas ethylene was able to induce NO synthesis. Therefore, we conclude that H 2 S and NO are involved in the signal transduction pathway of ethylene-induced stomatal closure. In Arabidopsis , H 2 S may represent a novel downstream indicator of NO during ethylene-induced stomatal movement.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide synthesis inhibitors blocked ethylene induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- inhibitors of H 2 S synthesise0
- Outcome
- ethylene-induced stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- blocke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibitors of H 2 S synthesis were found to block ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced hydrogen sulfide generation in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- H 2 S generatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with ethylene induced H 2 S generation”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased cysteine desulfhydrase activity in leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ethylenet0
- Gene
- L -/ D -cysteine desulfhydrasee0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased L -/ D -cysteine desulfhydrase (pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme) activity in leaves”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced AtL-CDes and AtD-CDes transcripts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Gene
- AtL-CDes and AtD-CDese0
- Outcome
- transcriptse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AtL-CDes and AtD-CDes transcripts were induced by ethylene”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Compromising nitric oxide reduced ethylene induced hydrogen sulfide levels and desulfhydrase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- NO was compromisede0
- Outcome
- H 2 S levels and L -/ D -cysteine desulfhydrase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene-induced H 2 S levels and L -/ D -cysteine desulfhydrase activity decreased when NO was compromised”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced hydrogen sulfide generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Atnoa1 plantse0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- H 2 S generation and stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene failed to induce hydrogen sulfide generation and stomatal closure in Atnia1,nia2 mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Atnia1,nia2 mutante0
- Treatment
- ethylenet0
- Outcome
- H 2 S generation and stomatal closuree1
- Direction
- failede0
- Comparator
- Atnoa1 plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but failed in the Atnia1,nia2 mutant”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide synthesis inhibitors did not affect ethylene induced nitric oxide accumulation or nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- guard cells or leavese0
- Treatment
- Inhibitors of H 2 S synthesise0
- Outcome
- ethylene-induced NO accumulation and nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibitors of H 2 S synthesis had no effect on ethylene-induced NO accumulation and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in guard cells or leaves of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced nitric oxide synthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- NO synthesise0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene was able to induce NO synthesis”
t0“Hydrogen sulfide induced by nitric oxide mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“ethylene was able to induce H 2 S generation and stomatal closure in Atnoa1 plants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.