Abstract
Energy-dependent (qE) non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) thermally dissipates excess absorbed light energy as a protective mechanism to prevent the over reduction of photosystem II and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The xanthophyll cycle, induced when the level of absorbed light energy exceeds the capacity of photochemistry, contributes to qE. In this work, we show that ethylene regulates the xanthophyll cycle in Arabidopsis. Analysis of eto1-1, exhibiting increased ethylene production, and ctr1-3, exhibiting constitutive ethylene response, revealed defects in NPQ resulting from impaired de-epoxidation of violaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) encoded by NPQ1. Elevated ethylene signaling reduced the level of active VDE through decreased NPQ1 promoter activity and impaired VDE activation resulting from a lower transthylakoid membrane pH gradient. Increasing the concentration of CO2 partially corrected the ethylene-mediated defects in NPQ and photosynthesis, indicating that changes in ethylene signaling affect stromal CO2 solubility. Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition. Restoring VDE activity significantly reversed the small growth phenotype of eto1-1 and ctr1-3 without altering ethylene production or ethylene responses. Our results demonstrate that ethylene increases ROS production and photosensitivity in response to high light and the associated reduced plant stature is partially reversed by increasing VDE activity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
eto1-1, which has increased ethylene production, shows defects in NPQ
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- eto1-1e1
- Outcome
- NPQe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“Analysis of eto1-1, exhibiting increased ethylene production, and ctr1-3, exhibiting constitutive ethylene response, revealed defects in NPQ resulting from impaired de-epoxidation of violaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) encoded by NPQ1”
Claim · model-written summary
ctr1-3, which has constitutive ethylene response, shows defects in NPQ
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ctr1-3e1
- Outcome
- NPQe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“Analysis of eto1-1, exhibiting increased ethylene production, and ctr1-3, exhibiting constitutive ethylene response, revealed defects in NPQ resulting from impaired de-epoxidation of violaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) encoded by NPQ1”
Claim · model-written summary
NPQ defects in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 result from impaired de-epoxidation of violaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE)
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE)e1
- Compound
- violaxanthine1
- Outcome
- NPQe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“Analysis of eto1-1, exhibiting increased ethylene production, and ctr1-3, exhibiting constitutive ethylene response, revealed defects in NPQ resulting from impaired de-epoxidation of violaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) encoded by NPQ1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ethylene signaling reduced the level of active VDE, through decreased NPQ1 promoter activity
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Elevated ethylene signalinge2
- Outcome
- level of active VDEe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- through decreased NPQ1 promoter activitye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e2“Elevated ethylene signaling reduced the level of active VDE through decreased NPQ1 promoter activity and impaired VDE activation resulting from a lower transthylakoid membrane pH gradient”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ethylene signaling impaired VDE activation, resulting from a lower transthylakoid membrane pH gradient
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Elevated ethylene signalinge2
- Outcome
- VDE activatione2
- Direction
- impairede2
- Qualifier
- resulting from a lower transthylakoid membrane pH gradiente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e2“Elevated ethylene signaling reduced the level of active VDE through decreased NPQ1 promoter activity and impaired VDE activation resulting from a lower transthylakoid membrane pH gradient”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CO2 concentration partially corrected the ethylene-mediated defects in NPQ and photosynthesis
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of CO2e3
- Outcome
- ethylene-mediated defects in NPQ and photosynthesise3
- Direction
- partially correctede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e3“Increasing the concentration of CO2 partially corrected the ethylene-mediated defects in NPQ and photosynthesis, indicating that changes in ethylene signaling affect stromal CO2 solubility”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in ethylene signaling are indicated to affect stromal CO2 solubility
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- changes in ethylene signalinge3
- Outcome
- stromal CO2 solubilitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e3“Increasing the concentration of CO2 partially corrected the ethylene-mediated defects in NPQ and photosynthesis, indicating that changes in ethylene signaling affect stromal CO2 solubility”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing VDE expression restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE in eto1-1
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- eto1-1e4
- Treatment
- Increasing VDE expressione4
- Outcome
- light-activated de-epoxidation and qEe4
- Direction
- restorede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e4“Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing VDE expression restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE in ctr1-3
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ctr1-3e4
- Treatment
- Increasing VDE expressione4
- Outcome
- light-activated de-epoxidation and qEe4
- Direction
- restorede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e4“Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing VDE expression reduced superoxide production and photoinhibition in eto1-1
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- eto1-1e4
- Treatment
- Increasing VDE expressione4
- Outcome
- reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibitione4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e4“Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing VDE expression reduced superoxide production and photoinhibition in ctr1-3
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ctr1-3e4
- Treatment
- Increasing VDE expressione4
- Outcome
- reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibitione4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e4“Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Restoring VDE activity significantly reversed the small growth phenotype of eto1-1 without altering ethylene production or responses
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- eto1-1e5
- Treatment
- Restoring VDE activitye5
- Outcome
- small growth phenotypee5
- Direction
- reversede5
- Qualifier
- without altering ethylene production or ethylene responsese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e5“Restoring VDE activity significantly reversed the small growth phenotype of eto1-1 and ctr1-3 without altering ethylene production or ethylene responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Restoring VDE activity significantly reversed the small growth phenotype of ctr1-3 without altering ethylene production or responses
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ctr1-3e5
- Treatment
- Restoring VDE activitye5
- Outcome
- small growth phenotypee5
- Direction
- reversede5
- Qualifier
- without altering ethylene production or ethylene responsese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e5“Restoring VDE activity significantly reversed the small growth phenotype of eto1-1 and ctr1-3 without altering ethylene production or ethylene responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increases ROS production and photosensitivity under high light
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- high lighte6
- Compound
- ethylenee6
- Outcome
- ROS production and photosensitivitye6
- Direction
- increasese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e6“Our results demonstrate that ethylene increases ROS production and photosensitivity in response to high light”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene regulates the xanthophyll cycle in Arabidopsis
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- xanthophyll cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, we show that ethylene regulates the xanthophyll cycle in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →co2 · physiology: photosynthesis · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.