Abstract
Photosynthesis of plantlets in tissue culture containers is not considered important, compared to photosynthesis of ex vitro plants, due to the exogenous source of carbohydrates present in tissue culture media. However, CO2 starvation can generate a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examined this phenomenon in tissue culture, since CO2 levels may become very low during the light period. The research was carried out with lily scales, regenerating adventitious bulblets, and with Arabidopsis seedlings. CO2 starvation was achieved by placing a small vial of concentrated KOH solution in the culture container. CO2 removal reduced the growth of regenerated lily bulblets by 33% or 23%, with or without sucrose in the medium, respectively. In Arabidopsis seedlings, CO2 removal decreased growth by 50% or 78% in the presence or absence of sucrose in the medium, respectively. Therefore, the addition of sucrose as a replacement for photosynthesis resulted in only partial recovery of growth. Staining with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed little to no ROS in ex vitro growing seedlings, while abundant ROS were detected in seedlings grown under in vitro CO2 starvation. Seedlings grown under normal tissue culture conditions (no CO2 withdrawal) showed low levels of ROS. In lily tissue culture, CO2 starvation decreased the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) from 0.69 to 0.60, and in Arabidopsis from 0.76 to 0.62. Fv/Fm of ex vitro lily and Arabidopsis seedlings was 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. This is indicative of a disturbance in photosynthesis functionality and the occurrence of in vitro stress under reduced CO2 concentrations. We conclude that poor growth, in the absence of CO2, was partly due to strongly reduced photosynthesis, while the detrimental effects were most likely due to a burst of ROS.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 removal reduced lily bulblet growth by 33%, in the medium with sucrose.
- Organ / stage
- regenerated lily bulbletse0
- Treatment
- CO2 removale0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Qualifier
- with or without sucrose in the medium, respectivelye0
LiliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 removal reduced the growth of regenerated lily bulblets by 33% or 23%, with or without sucrose in the medium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 removal reduced lily bulblet growth by 23%, in the medium without sucrose.
- Organ / stage
- regenerated lily bulbletse0
- Treatment
- CO2 removale0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- with or without sucrose in the medium, respectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 removal reduced the growth of regenerated lily bulblets by 33% or 23%, with or without sucrose in the medium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 removal decreased Arabidopsis seedling growth by 50% in the presence of sucrose.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- CO2 removale1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Qualifier
- in the presence or absence of sucrose in the medium, respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In Arabidopsis seedlings, CO2 removal decreased growth by 50% or 78% in the presence or absence of sucrose in the medium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 removal decreased Arabidopsis seedling growth by 78% in the absence of sucrose.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- CO2 removale1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 78%e1
- Qualifier
- in the presence or absence of sucrose in the medium, respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In Arabidopsis seedlings, CO2 removal decreased growth by 50% or 78% in the presence or absence of sucrose in the medium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding sucrose resulted in only partial recovery of growth.
- Taxon
- In Vitro Plantletst0
- Treatment
- addition of sucrosee2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- only partial recoverye2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Detrimental for In Vitro Plantlets”
e2“the addition of sucrose as a replacement for photosynthesis resulted in only partial recovery of growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundant ROS were detected in seedlings under in vitro CO2 starvation, compared with little to no ROS in ex vitro seedlings.
- Taxon
- seedlingse3
- Treatment
- in vitro CO2 starvatione3
- Outcome
- abundant ROSe3
- Comparator
- ex vitro growing seedlingse4
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e3“abundant ROS were detected in seedlings grown under in vitro CO2 starvation”
e4“showed little to no ROS in ex vitro growing seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings under normal tissue culture conditions showed low levels of ROS.
Verbatim
e5“Seedlings grown under normal tissue culture conditions (no CO2 withdrawal) showed low levels of ROS”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 starvation decreased lily Fv/Fm from 0.69 to 0.60 in tissue culture.
- Treatment
- CO2 starvatione6
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)e6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- from 0.69 to 0.60e6
- Setting
- tissue culturee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In lily tissue culture, CO2 starvation decreased the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) from 0.69 to 0.60, and in Arabidopsis from 0.76 to 0.62”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 starvation decreased Arabidopsis Fv/Fm from 0.76 to 0.62 in tissue culture.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Treatment
- CO2 starvatione6
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)e6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- from 0.76 to 0.62e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In lily tissue culture, CO2 starvation decreased the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) from 0.69 to 0.60, and in Arabidopsis from 0.76 to 0.62”
Claim · model-written summary
Ex vitro lily had Fv/Fm of 0.77.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Fv/Fm of ex vitro lily and Arabidopsis seedlings was 0.77 and 0.79, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ex vitro Arabidopsis seedlings had Fv/Fm of 0.79.
Verbatim
e7“Fv/Fm of ex vitro lily and Arabidopsis seedlings was 0.77 and 0.79, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor growth without CO2 was partly due to strongly reduced photosynthesis.
Verbatim
t0“Detrimental for In Vitro Plantlets”
e2“We conclude that poor growth, in the absence of CO2, was partly due to strongly reduced photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The detrimental effects of CO2 starvation were most likely due to a burst of ROS.
Verbatim
t0“Detrimental for In Vitro Plantlets”
e3“the detrimental effects were most likely due to a burst of ROS”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.