Abstract
Although the positive effect of elevated CO(2) concentration [CO(2)] on plant growth is well known, it remains unclear whether global climate change will positively or negatively affect crop yields. In particular, relatively little is known about the role of hormone pathways in controlling the growth responses to elevated [CO(2)]. Here, we studied the impact of elevated [CO(2)] on plant biomass and metabolism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in relation to the availability of gibberellins (GAs). Inhibition of growth by the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) at ambient [CO(2)] (350 µmol CO(2) mol(-1)) was reverted by elevated [CO(2)] (750 µmol CO(2) mol(-1)). Thus, we investigated the metabolic adjustment and modulation of gene expression in response to changes in growth of plants imposed by varying the GA regime in ambient and elevated [CO(2)]. In the presence of PAC (low-GA regime), the activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and inorganic nitrogen assimilation were markedly increased at elevated [CO(2)], whereas the activities of enzymes of organic acid metabolism were decreased. Under ambient [CO(2)], nitrate, amino acids, and protein accumulated upon PAC treatment; however, this was not the case when plants were grown at elevated [CO(2)]. These results suggest that only under ambient [CO(2)] is GA required for the integration of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism underlying optimal biomass determination. Our results have implications concerning the action of the Green Revolution genes in future environmental conditions.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reversed PAC growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)] (750 µmol CO(2) mol(-1))e0
- Compound
- GAe0
- Outcome
- Inhibition of growthe0
- Direction
- revertede0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO(2)] (350 µmol CO(2) mol(-1))e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of growth by the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) at ambient [CO(2)] (350 µmol CO(2) mol(-1)) was reverted by elevated [CO(2)] (750 µmol CO(2) mol(-1))”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis and inorganic nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities under PAC.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and inorganic nitrogen assimilatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- In the presence of PAC (low-GA regime)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of PAC (low-GA regime), the activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and inorganic nitrogen assimilation were markedly increased at elevated [CO(2)]”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased organic acid metabolism enzyme activities under PAC.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes of organic acid metabolisme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of PAC (low-GA regime), the activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and inorganic nitrogen assimilation were markedly increased at elevated [CO(2)], whereas the activities of enzymes of organic acid metabolism were decreased”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
PAC increased nitrate, amino acids, and protein under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- PAC treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrate, amino acids, and proteine0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Qualifier
- Under ambient [CO(2)]e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under ambient [CO(2)], nitrate, amino acids, and protein accumulated upon PAC treatment”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
PAC did not cause nitrate, amino acid, or protein accumulation under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- PAC treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrate, amino acids, and proteine0
- Direction
- not the casee0
- Qualifier
- elevated [CO(2)]e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under ambient [CO(2)], nitrate, amino acids, and protein accumulated upon PAC treatment; however, this was not the case when plants were grown at elevated [CO(2)]”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.