Abstract
Abstract The objectives of this growth chamber study were to assess the influence of three soil compaction levels, as determined by bulk density, and four N fertilizer treatments on growth, nodulation and N2 fixation of P. vulgaris in minesoils. Shoot and root growth was severely retarded and nodulation essentially absent in N unfertilized, uninoculated (control) plants. With inoculated plants, root and shoot mass increased and nodule mass decreased as bulk density was decreased from 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended) to 1.40 g/cm3 (amended with 50% by volume sand). Root and shoot mass increased as N fertilizer rates increased from 0 to 100 kg N/ha. Nodule mass increased at 25 kg N/ha, but higher N rates decreased nodule mass compared to unfertilized plants. There was no significant correlation between bulk density and N2 fixation, as measured by the acetylene reduction assay. In general, N2(C2H2) fixation was the greatest at 35 days from seeding; however, at 21 days, unfertilized plants showed high N2(C2H2) fixation rates. Fertilizer N at 25 kg N/ha increased acetylene reduction as compared to unfertilized plants, while at 50 and 100 kg N/ha the rate of N2(C2H2) fixation decreased.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root growth of unfertilized, uninoculated control bean plants was severely retarded.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- N unfertilized, uninoculated (control) plantse1
- Outcome
- Shoot and root growthe1
- Direction
- severely retardede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Shoot and root growth was severely retarded and nodulation essentially absent in N unfertilized, uninoculated (control) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation was essentially absent in unfertilized, uninoculated control bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N unfertilized, uninoculated (control) plantse1
- Outcome
- nodulatione1
- Direction
- essentially absente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Shoot and root growth was severely retarded and nodulation essentially absent in N unfertilized, uninoculated (control) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing bulk density from 1.55 to 1.40 g/cm3 increased root and shoot mass of inoculated bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- bulk density was decreased from 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended) to 1.40 g/cm3e2
- Outcome
- root and shoot masse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“With inoculated plants, root and shoot mass increased and nodule mass decreased as bulk density was decreased from 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended) to 1.40 g/cm3 (amended with 50% by volume sand)”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing bulk density from 1.55 to 1.40 g/cm3 decreased nodule mass of inoculated bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- bulk density was decreased from 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended) to 1.40 g/cm3e2
- Outcome
- nodule masse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“With inoculated plants, root and shoot mass increased and nodule mass decreased as bulk density was decreased from 1.55 g/cm3 (unamended) to 1.40 g/cm3 (amended with 50% by volume sand)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilizer from 0 to 100 kg N/ha increased root and shoot mass of bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer rates increased from 0 to 100 kg N/hae3
- Outcome
- Root and shoot masse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e3“Root and shoot mass increased as N fertilizer rates increased from 0 to 100 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule mass of bean increased at 25 kg N/ha compared with unfertilized plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 25 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- Nodule masse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- unfertilized plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e4“Nodule mass increased at 25 kg N/ha, but higher N rates decreased nodule mass compared to unfertilized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N rates decreased nodule mass of bean compared with unfertilized plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- higher N ratese4
- Outcome
- nodule masse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- unfertilized plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e4“Nodule mass increased at 25 kg N/ha, but higher N rates decreased nodule mass compared to unfertilized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density had no significant correlation with N2 fixation measured by the acetylene reduction assay.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- bulk densitye5
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e5“There was no significant correlation between bulk density and N2 fixation, as measured by the acetylene reduction assay”
Claim · model-written summary
N2(C2H2) fixation of bean was greatest at 35 days from seeding.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- N2(C2H2) fixatione6
- Qualifier
- was the greatest at 35 days from seedinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e6“N2(C2H2) fixation was the greatest at 35 days from seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized bean plants showed high N2(C2H2) fixation rates at 21 days.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- unfertilized plantse7
- Outcome
- N2(C2H2) fixation ratese7
- Qualifier
- at 21 dayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e6“however, at 21 days, unfertilized plants showed high N2(C2H2) fixation rates”
e7“at 21 days, unfertilized plants showed high N2(C2H2) fixation rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N at 25 kg N/ha increased acetylene reduction compared with unfertilized plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer N at 25 kg N/hae1
- Outcome
- acetylene reductione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- unfertilized plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Fertilizer N at 25 kg N/ha increased acetylene reduction as compared to unfertilized plants, while at 50 and 100 kg N/ha the rate of N2(C2H2) fixation decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N at 50 and 100 kg N/ha decreased the rate of N2(C2H2) fixation of bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 kg N/hae1
- Outcome
- rate of N2(C2H2) fixatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- unfertilized plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Fertilizer N at 25 kg N/ha increased acetylene reduction as compared to unfertilized plants, while at 50 and 100 kg N/ha the rate of N2(C2H2) fixation decreased”
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.