Abstract
Summary: Buthidazole (3‐[5‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1,3.4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]‐4‐hydroxy‐l‐methyl‐2‐imidazolidinone) at concentrations of 10 −6 ‐10 −4 M did not affect germination of corn (Zea mays L. ,‘Pioneer 3780’), redroot pigweed (Amaranlhus retroflexus L.), alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., ‘Vernal’), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) seeds. Stressing the seeds obtained from mature corn plants treated either pre‐emergence or pre‐ plant incorporated with buthidazole at several rates by accelerated ageing and cold treatments further indicated that this herbicide did not affect germination. Total photosynthesis and dark respiration of corn plants 12 days after pre‐emergence application and of redroot pigweed, alfalfa, and quackgrass plants after postemergence application of buthidazole at several rates were measured with an infrared CO 2 analyser. The results suggested that buthidazole was a rapid inhibitor of photosynthesis of the sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plants, with less effect on corn and alfalfa. Buthidazole did not affect respiration of the examined species except for a transitory increase in corn and alfalfa 12 days after pre‐emergence or 4 h after postemergence treatment with buthidazole at 0.56 or 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha, respectively. A long‐term inhibition of quackgrass respiration 96 h after treatment with buthidazole at 1.12 and 224 kg/ha was also evident.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole did not affect germination of corn seeds.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Buthidazolee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buthidazole (3‐[5‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1,3.4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]‐4‐hydroxy‐l‐methyl‐2‐imidazolidinone) at concentrations of 10 −6 ‐10 −4 M did not affect germination of corn (Zea mays L. ,‘Pioneer 3780’), redroot pigweed (Amaranlhus retroflexus L.), alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., ‘Vernal’), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole did not affect germination of redroot pigweed seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Buthidazole (3‐[5‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1,3.4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]‐4‐hydroxy‐l‐methyl‐2‐imidazolidinone) at concentrations of 10 −6 ‐10 −4 M did not affect germination of corn (Zea mays L. ,‘Pioneer 3780’), redroot pigweed (Amaranlhus retroflexus L.), alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., ‘Vernal’), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole did not affect germination of alfalfa seeds.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Buthidazolee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buthidazole (3‐[5‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1,3.4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]‐4‐hydroxy‐l‐methyl‐2‐imidazolidinone) at concentrations of 10 −6 ‐10 −4 M did not affect germination of corn (Zea mays L. ,‘Pioneer 3780’), redroot pigweed (Amaranlhus retroflexus L.), alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., ‘Vernal’), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole did not affect germination of quackgrass seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Buthidazole (3‐[5‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1,3.4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]‐4‐hydroxy‐l‐methyl‐2‐imidazolidinone) at concentrations of 10 −6 ‐10 −4 M did not affect germination of corn (Zea mays L. ,‘Pioneer 3780’), redroot pigweed (Amaranlhus retroflexus L.), alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., ‘Vernal’), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole rapidly inhibited photosynthesis of redroot pigweed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested that buthidazole was a rapid inhibitor of photosynthesis of the sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole rapidly inhibited photosynthesis of quackgrass.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested that buthidazole was a rapid inhibitor of photosynthesis of the sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole had less effect on photosynthesis of corn than on the sensitive weeds.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- buthidazolee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- less effecte1
- Comparator
- sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested that buthidazole was a rapid inhibitor of photosynthesis of the sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plants”
e1“with less effect on corn and alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole had less effect on photosynthesis of alfalfa than on the sensitive weeds.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- buthidazolee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- less effecte1
- Comparator
- sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested that buthidazole was a rapid inhibitor of photosynthesis of the sensitive redroot pigweed and quackgrass plants”
e1“with less effect on corn and alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole caused a transitory increase in corn respiration 12 days after pre-emergence treatment.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- buthidazole at 0.56 or 1.12 and 2.24 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- transitory increasee0
- Qualifier
- 12 days after pre‐emergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buthidazole did not affect respiration of the examined species except for a transitory increase in corn and alfalfa 12 days after pre‐emergence or 4 h after postemergence treatment with buthidazole at 0.56 or 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole caused a transitory increase in alfalfa respiration 4 h after postemergence treatment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- buthidazole at 0.56 or 1.12 and 2.24 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- transitory increasee0
- Qualifier
- 4 h after postemergence treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buthidazole did not affect respiration of the examined species except for a transitory increase in corn and alfalfa 12 days after pre‐emergence or 4 h after postemergence treatment with buthidazole at 0.56 or 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Buthidazole inhibited quackgrass respiration over the long term, 96 h after treatment.
- Taxon
- quackgrasse0
- Treatment
- buthidazole at 1.12 and 224 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Qualifier
- 96 h after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A long‐term inhibition of quackgrass respiration 96 h after treatment with buthidazole at 1.12 and 224 kg/ha was also evident”
The same questions in other papers
Buthidazole · physiology: respiration · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Buthidazole · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.