Abstract
The effects of increasing rates of lime and ammonium sulphate on French beans were studied on an acid red basaltic soil (pH 4.5-4.8), rich in manganese, on the north coast of New South Wales. Addition of lime resulted in an increased plant yield, a higher soil pH, and a marked reduction in available soil manganese and plant manganese. Applications of 2 or more tons lime per acre corrected manganese toxicity. Ammonium sulphate applications acidified the soil, increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue, and increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre. At pH 4.7-4.8, exchangeable and water-soluble manganese levels were sensitive to slight changes in reaction. Changes in pH between 5.2 and 6.0 caused only slight alterations in manganese levels in soil and plants. Two tons lime per acre reduced the level of manganese in the soil to about half that in the untreated soil, whereas 3 tons lime was necessary to halve the level of manganese in plants. Close linear relationships were found between rates of lime application and pH, between exchangeable and water-soluble manganese, and between both water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese and plant manganese. Hyperbolic relationships were found between lime and manganese in soil and plants and also between pH and manganese fractions. Toxic levels of manganese in soil and leaves varied seasonally and yearly, and symptoms usually appeared when the manganese content of the first mature leaves was greater than 600 p.p.m. in the winter crop. Symptoms were more closely related to high levels of plant manganese than to soil manganese. The results of this trial indicate that soil and plant analyses are useful for predicting manganese toxicity in acid soils.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Lime increased French bean yield.
- Taxon
- French beans
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Addition of limee1
- Outcome
- plant yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e1“Addition of lime resulted in an increased plant yield, a higher soil pH, and a marked reduction in available soil manganese and plant manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime raised soil pH.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Addition of limee1
- Outcome
- soil pHe1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e1“Addition of lime resulted in an increased plant yield, a higher soil pH, and a marked reduction in available soil manganese and plant manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime markedly reduced available soil manganese and plant manganese.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Addition of limee1
- Outcome
- available soil manganese and plant manganesee1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e1“Addition of lime resulted in an increased plant yield, a higher soil pH, and a marked reduction in available soil manganese and plant manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Two or more tons of lime per acre corrected manganese toxicity.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Applications of 2 or more tons lime per acree2
- Outcome
- manganese toxicitye2
- Direction
- correctede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e2“Applications of 2 or more tons lime per acre corrected manganese toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate acidified the soil.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulphate applicationse3
- Outcome
- the soile3
- Direction
- acidifiede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e3“Ammonium sulphate applications acidified the soil, increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue, and increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulphate applicationse3
- Outcome
- manganese levels in both soil and plant tissuee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e3“Ammonium sulphate applications acidified the soil, increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue, and increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulphate applicationse3
- Outcome
- frequency of manganese toxicity symptomse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- at less than 2 tons lime per acree3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e3“Ammonium sulphate applications acidified the soil, increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue, and increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable and water-soluble manganese levels were sensitive to slight changes in reaction at pH 4.7-4.8.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- slight changes in reactione4
- Outcome
- exchangeable and water-soluble manganese levelse4
- Qualifier
- At pH 4.7-4.8e4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e4“At pH 4.7-4.8, exchangeable and water-soluble manganese levels were sensitive to slight changes in reaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in pH between 5.2 and 6.0 caused only slight alterations in manganese levels in soil and plants.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Changes in pH between 5.2 and 6.0e5
- Outcome
- manganese levels in soil and plantse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e5“Changes in pH between 5.2 and 6.0 caused only slight alterations in manganese levels in soil and plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Two tons of lime per acre reduced soil manganese to about half the level of untreated soil.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Two tons lime per acree6
- Outcome
- level of manganese in the soile6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- about halfe6
- Comparator
- untreated soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e6“Two tons lime per acre reduced the level of manganese in the soil to about half that in the untreated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Three tons of lime were needed to halve manganese levels in plants.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 3 tons limee7
- Outcome
- level of manganese in plantse7
- Direction
- halvee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“3 tons lime was necessary to halve the level of manganese in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime rate and pH were linearly related.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- rates of lime applicatione7
- Outcome
- pHe7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“Close linear relationships were found between rates of lime application and pH, between exchangeable and water-soluble manganese, and between both water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese and plant manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable and water-soluble manganese were linearly related.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Compound
- manganesee7
- Outcome
- exchangeable and water-soluble manganesee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“Close linear relationships were found between rates of lime application and pH, between exchangeable and water-soluble manganese, and between both water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese and plant manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese were linearly related to plant manganese.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Compound
- water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganesee7
- Outcome
- plant manganesee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“Close linear relationships were found between rates of lime application and pH, between exchangeable and water-soluble manganese, and between both water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese and plant manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime and manganese in soil and plants were hyperbolically related.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- limee7
- Outcome
- manganese in soil and plantse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“Hyperbolic relationships were found between lime and manganese in soil and plants and also between pH and manganese fractions”
Claim · model-written summary
pH and manganese fractions were hyperbolically related.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- pHe7
- Outcome
- manganese fractionse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“Hyperbolic relationships were found between lime and manganese in soil and plants and also between pH and manganese fractions”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxic levels of manganese in soil and leaves varied seasonally and yearly.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- Toxic levels of manganese in soil and leavese7
- Qualifier
- seasonally and yearlye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e7“Toxic levels of manganese in soil and leaves varied seasonally and yearly”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxicity symptoms usually appeared when manganese in the first mature leaves exceeded 600 p.p.m. in the winter crop.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- first mature leavese6
- Outcome
- symptomse6
- Value
- greater than 600 p.p.m.e6
- Setting
- winter crope6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e6“symptoms usually appeared when the manganese content of the first mature leaves was greater than 600 p.p.m. in the winter crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms were more closely related to high plant manganese than to soil manganese.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Compound
- high levels of plant manganesee5
- Outcome
- Symptomse5
- Direction
- more closely relatede5
- Comparator
- soil manganesee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e5“Symptoms were more closely related to high levels of plant manganese than to soil manganese”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and plant analyses are useful for predicting manganese toxicity in acid soils.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- useful for predicting manganese toxicitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“French beans”
e4“soil and plant analyses are useful for predicting manganese toxicity”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium sulfate · crop injury · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ammonium sulfate · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
ph · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →lime · pest · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
lime · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
14 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →lime · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
38 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.