Abstract
Abstract The area planted to common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been declining in the Southern Mexican State of Chiapas. To determine factors limiting bean productivity in this region, on‐farm experiments were conducted at four locations. Soils were Acrisols (Ustults) at two sites and a Cambisol (Tropept) and Phaeozem (Ustoll) at the other two sites, with pH (H 2 O) of unlimed soil from 4.6 to 5.0. Insecticide application, genotype, and lime were treatments in a split‐plot design with a factorial combination of two genotypes and 0 or 2000 kg Ca(OH) 2 ha −1 as subplots. Across sites, lime addition raised soil pH by 0.4 to 1.3 units, decreased Al saturation by 13 to 38%, and increased extractable Ca two‐to three‐fold. Mean yield without lime was 444 kg ha −1 ha. Insecticide and bean genotype had negligible effects on yield. Lime application resulted in a yield increase of 76 to 313% above unlimed controls across locations. Liming resulted in 40% greater shoot and 18% greater root dry weight, and also improved nodule weight per plant by 110% at early flowering. At maturity, plant density in limed treatments was 23% higher than in unlimed controls, and counts made during the season indicated that soil acidity factors inhibit seedling establishment. Liming also increased pod number per plant by 67%, seed number per pod by 18%, and seed weight by 7%. Increased yield from lime therefore resulted from better stand establishment, and increased seed yield per plant. Increased nodulation and N 2 fixation may also contribute to the response to lime.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Lime raised soil pH by 0.4–1.3 units.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Across sites, lime addition raised soil pH by 0.4 to 1.3 units, decreased Al saturation by 13 to 38%, and increased extractable Ca two‐to three‐fold.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime decreased soil aluminum saturation by 13–38%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Across sites, lime addition raised soil pH by 0.4 to 1.3 units, decreased Al saturation by 13 to 38%, and increased extractable Ca two‐to three‐fold.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime increased extractable soil calcium two- to three-fold.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Across sites, lime addition raised soil pH by 0.4 to 1.3 units, decreased Al saturation by 13 to 38%, and increased extractable Ca two‐to three‐fold.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean bean yield without lime was 444 kg ha −1 ha.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 444 kg ha −1 hae0
- Qualifier
- without limee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yield without lime was 444 kg ha −1 ha.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide had negligible effects on bean yield.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Insecticidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- negligible effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insecticide and bean genotype had negligible effects on yield.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean genotype had negligible effects on yield.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- bean genotypee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- negligible effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insecticide and bean genotype had negligible effects on yield.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime increased bean yield 76–313% over unlimed controls across locations.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Lime applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 76 to 313%e0
- Comparator
- unlimed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime application resulted in a yield increase of 76 to 313% above unlimed controls across locations.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased shoot dry weight by 40%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming resulted in 40% greater shoot and 18% greater root dry weight”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased root dry weight by 18%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming resulted in 40% greater shoot and 18% greater root dry weight”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming improved nodule weight per plant by 110% at early flowering.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- early floweringe0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- nodule weight per plante0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 110%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming resulted in 40% greater shoot and 18% greater root dry weight, and also improved nodule weight per plant by 110% at early flowering.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Limed treatments had 23% higher plant density at maturity than unlimed controls.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- limed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant densitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- unlimed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At maturity, plant density in limed treatments was 23% higher than in unlimed controls”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal counts indicated that soil acidity inhibited seedling establishment.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Qualifier
- soil acidity factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“counts made during the season indicated that soil acidity factors inhibit seedling establishment.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased pod number per plant by 67%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- pod number per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming also increased pod number per plant by 67%, seed number per pod by 18%, and seed weight by 7%.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased seed number per pod by 18%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- seed number per pode0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming also increased pod number per plant by 67%, seed number per pod by 18%, and seed weight by 7%.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased seed weight by 7%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming also increased pod number per plant by 67%, seed number per pod by 18%, and seed weight by 7%.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute increased yield to improved establishment and increased seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- Increased yielde0
- Qualifier
- better stand establishment, and increased seed yield per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased yield from lime therefore resulted from better stand establishment, and increased seed yield per plant.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nodulation and nitrogen fixation may contribute to bean response to lime.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- response to limee0
- Qualifier
- Increased nodulation and N 2 fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased nodulation and N 2 fixation may also contribute to the response to lime.”
t0“Common Bean”
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