Abstract
Abstract Liming and phosphorus (P) applications are common practices for improving crop production in acid soils of the tropical as well as temperate regions. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol (clayey, kaolinitic, isothermic, Typic Haplustox) to evaluate response of liming (0,2, and 4 g/kg) and P application (0, 50, and 175 mg P/kg) in a factorial combination on growth and nutrient uptake by upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). Phosphorus application significantly (P<0.01) increased dry weight of tops of all the four crop species as well as dry weight of roots of wheat and corn. Liming significantly (P<0.01) improved growth of common bean and corn but had significant negative effects on rice growth. Maximum dry weight of tops of rice and wheat was obtained at 175 mg P/kg without lime. Maximum dry weight of tops in common bean was obtained at 4 g lime/kg with 175 mg P/kg of soil. In all the crops, increasing levels of applied P significantly increased nutrient uptake. With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species. Decrease in potassium (K) uptake, due to high lime, is probably due to antagonistic effects of Ca and Mg and reduced micronutrients uptake is probably due to increased soil pH resulting in decreased availability of these elements to plants. Therefore, in these types of acid soils, one should avoid over liming.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application significantly increased dry weight of tops of all four crop species in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- all the four crop speciese1
- Treatment
- Phosphorus applicatione1
- Outcome
- dry weight of topse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Phosphorus application significantly (P<0.01) increased dry weight of tops of all the four crop species as well as dry weight of roots of wheat and corn”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application significantly increased dry weight of roots of wheat and corn in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- wheat and corn
Triticum aestivum
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Phosphorus applicatione1
- Outcome
- dry weight of rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Phosphorus application significantly (P<0.01) increased dry weight of tops of all the four crop species as well as dry weight of roots of wheat and corn”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming significantly improved growth of common bean and corn.
- Taxon
- common bean and corn
Phaseolus vulgarisZea mays subsp. mayse2 - Treatment
- Liminge2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Liming significantly (P<0.01) improved growth of common bean and corn but had significant negative effects on rice growth”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming had significant negative effects on rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- Liminge2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- negative effectse2
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Liming significantly (P<0.01) improved growth of common bean and corn but had significant negative effects on rice growth”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum dry weight of tops of rice and wheat was obtained at 175 mg P/kg without lime.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- 175 mg P/kg without limee3
- Outcome
- dry weight of topse3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Maximum dry weight of tops of rice and wheat was obtained at 175 mg P/kg without lime”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum dry weight of tops of common bean was obtained at 4 g lime/kg with 175 mg P/kg of soil.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise4
- Treatment
- 4 g lime/kg with 175 mg P/kg of soile4
- Outcome
- dry weight of topse4
- Direction
- Maximume4
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Maximum dry weight of tops in common bean was obtained at 4 g lime/kg with 175 mg P/kg of soil”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing levels of applied P significantly increased nutrient uptake in all crops.
- Taxon
- all the cropse5
- Treatment
- increasing levels of applied Pe5
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“In all the crops, increasing levels of applied P significantly increased nutrient uptake”
e0“Four greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lime tended to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in all the crop species, with some exceptions.
- Taxon
- all the crop speciese6
- Treatment
- increasing levels of limee6
- Outcome
- uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)e6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Qualifier
- With some exceptionse6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lime tended to reduce uptake of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in all the crop species, with some exceptions.
- Taxon
- all the crop speciese6
- Treatment
- increasing levels of limee6
- Outcome
- manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe)e6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Qualifier
- With some exceptionse6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lime tended to increase uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species, with some exceptions.
- Taxon
- all the crop speciese6
- Treatment
- increasing levels of limee6
- Outcome
- uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)e6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Qualifier
- With some exceptionse6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
High lime decreased potassium (K) uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“Decrease in potassium (K) uptake, due to high lime, is probably due to antagonistic effects of Ca and Mg”
e6“With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in potassium uptake is probably due to antagonistic effects of Ca and Mg.
Verbatim
e7“Decrease in potassium (K) uptake, due to high lime, is probably due to antagonistic effects of Ca and Mg”
e6“With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced micronutrient uptake is probably due to increased soil pH, which decreases availability of these elements to plants.
Verbatim
e7“reduced micronutrients uptake is probably due to increased soil pH resulting in decreased availability of these elements to plants”
e6“With some exceptions, increasing levels of lime tend to reduce uptake of P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) and increase the uptake of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all the crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend avoiding over liming in these acid soils.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e7“Therefore, in these types of acid soils, one should avoid over liming”
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See all 306 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.