Abstract
The sphinganine analog mycotoxin, AAL-toxin, induces a death process in plant and animal cells that shows apoptotic morphology. In nature, the AAL-toxin is the primary determinant of the Alternaria stem canker disease of tomato, thus linking apoptosis to this disease caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. The product of the baculovirus p35 gene is a specific inhibitor of a class of cysteine proteases termed caspases, and naturally functions in infected insects. Transgenic tomato plants bearing the p35 gene were protected against AAL-toxin-induced death and pathogen infection. Resistance to the toxin and pathogen co-segregated with the expression of the p35 gene through the T3 generation, as did resistance to A. alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. The p35 gene, stably transformed into tomato roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, protected roots against a 30-fold greater concentration of AAL-toxin than control roots tolerated. Transgenic expression of a p35 binding site mutant (DQMD to DRIL), inactive against animal caspases-3, did not protect against AAL-toxin. These results indicate that plants possess a protease with substrate-site specificity that is functionally equivalent to certain animal caspases. A biological conclusion is that diverse plant pathogens co-opt apoptosis during infection, and that transgenic modification of pathways regulating programmed cell death in plants is a potential strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic p35 tomato was protected from AAL-toxin-induced death.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- bearing the p35 genee0
- Gene
- p35 genee0
- Outcome
- AAL-toxin-induced deathe0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic tomato plants bearing the p35 gene were protected against AAL-toxin-induced death and pathogen infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic p35 tomato was protected from pathogen infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bearing the p35 genee0
- Gene
- p35 genee0
- Outcome
- pathogen infectione0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic tomato plants bearing the p35 gene were protected against AAL-toxin-induced death and pathogen infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to toxin and pathogen cosegregated with p35 expression through T3.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- p35 genee0
- Outcome
- Resistance to the toxin and pathogene0
- Qualifier
- through the T3 generatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance to the toxin and pathogen co-segregated with the expression of the p35 gene through the T3 generation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to A. alternata cosegregated with p35 expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- A. alternata
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Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Gene
- p35 genet0
- Outcome
- resistance to A. alternatae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“as did resistance to A. alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.”
t0“p35 gene in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to Colletotrichum coccodes cosegregated with p35 expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodes
Colletotrichum coccodese0pathogen - Gene
- p35 genet0
- Outcome
- resistance to A. alternata, Colletotrichum coccodese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as did resistance to A. alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.”
t0“p35 gene in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato cosegregated with p35 expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Gene
- p35 genet0
- Outcome
- resistance to A. alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as did resistance to A. alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.”
t0“p35 gene in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
p35 transformed tomato roots tolerated a 30-fold greater AAL-toxin concentration than controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- stably transformed into tomato roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenese0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium rhizogenese0other
- Gene
- p35 genee0
- Outcome
- concentration of AAL-toxine0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 30-folde0
- Comparator
- control rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The p35 gene, stably transformed into tomato roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, protected roots against a 30-fold greater concentration of AAL-toxin than control roots tolerated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The p35 binding-site mutant did not protect tomato from AAL-toxin.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Transgenic expression of a p35 binding site mutant (DQMD to DRIL)e0
- Gene
- p35 binding site mutante0
- Outcome
- AAL-toxine0
- Direction
- did not protecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic expression of a p35 binding site mutant (DQMD to DRIL), inactive against animal caspases-3, did not protect against AAL-toxin.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer a plant protease functionally equivalent to certain animal caspases.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- protease with substrate-site specificity that is functionally equivalent to certain animal caspasese0
- Qualifier
- substrate-site specificitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that plants possess a protease with substrate-site specificity that is functionally equivalent to certain animal caspases.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude diverse plant pathogens co-opt apoptosis during infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- apoptosis during infectione0
- Qualifier
- co-opt apoptosis during infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diverse plant pathogens co-opt apoptosis during infection”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose modifying programmed-cell-death pathways for broad-spectrum disease resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- transgenic modification of pathways regulating programmed cell death in plants is a potential strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance in plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic modification of pathways regulating programmed cell death in plants is a potential strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants.”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.