Abstract
The SNAT enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of melatonin, which is reported to regulate thermotolerance in many plants. However, the mechanistic basis of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we identified the SlSNAT gene, which is responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato. SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively. The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type. The melatonin levels decreased by 50% when the expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%. Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm. The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress. HSP40, a DnaJ-type chaperone, was found to interact with SlSNAT in the chloroplast. Downregulation of HSP40 showed lower melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 functions as a chaperone to protect the SNAT enzyme during melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 interacted with SlSNAT and together participated in melatonin-related thermotolerance regulation in tomato.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT was identified as responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- SlSNATe0
- Outcome
- melatonin biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified the SlSNAT gene, which is responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT expression was threefold higher in OX-2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- OX-2e0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT overexpressione0
- Gene
- SlSNATe0
- Outcome
- SlSNAT expression levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT expression was fivefold higher in OX-6.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- OX-6e0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT overexpressione0
- Gene
- SlSNATe0
- Outcome
- SlSNAT expression levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin levels were threefold higher in an SlSNAT overexpression line than wild type.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlSNATt1
- Outcome
- melatonin levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3-e0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type.”
t0“Tomato”
t1“SlSNAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin levels were fourfold higher in an SlSNAT overexpression line than wild type.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlSNATt1
- Outcome
- melatonin levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4-folde0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type.”
t0“Tomato”
t1“SlSNAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing SlSNAT expression to 40% decreased melatonin levels by 50%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%e0
- Gene
- SlSNATe0
- Outcome
- melatonin levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The melatonin levels decreased by 50% when the expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT overexpression significantly enhanced tomato thermotolerance and alleviated heat injury.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SlSNATe0
- Outcome
- thermotolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT overexpression improved PSII maximum photochemical quantum yield in tomato under heat stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SlSNATe0
- Outcome
- Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin treatment decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation and Fv/Fm in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT overexpression decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation and Fv/Fm in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT overexpressione0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The SlSNAT overexpression line protected Rubisco proteins under heat stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT overexpressione0
- Outcome
- ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteinse0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The SlSNAT overexpression line upregulated heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT overexpressione0
- Outcome
- heat transcription factors and heat shock proteinse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HSP40 interacted with SlSNAT in tomato chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- chloroplaste0
- Gene
- HSP40e0
- Outcome
- interact with SlSNATe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HSP40, a DnaJ-type chaperone, was found to interact with SlSNAT in the chloroplast.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HSP40 downregulation lowered melatonin synthesis under heat stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Downregulation of HSP40e0
- Gene
- HSP40e0
- Outcome
- melatonin synthesise0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Downregulation of HSP40 showed lower melatonin synthesis under heat stress.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HSP40 is proposed to protect SNAT during melatonin synthesis under heat stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- HSP40e0
- Outcome
- melatonin synthesise0
- Qualifier
- protect the SNAT enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HSP40 functions as a chaperone to protect the SNAT enzyme during melatonin synthesis under heat stress.”
t0“Tomato”
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