Abstract
Nutritional disorders can affect plant growth and a plant's susceptibility to pests. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of N, P, and K stresses on resistance of ‘IR2035‐117‐3’ (IR2035) and susceptibility of ‘Taichung Native 1’ (TN1) rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), when grown in nutrient solution in a phytotron at 29/21 °C (day/night), minimum 70% relative humidity, and natural daylight of 12 h. Nitrogen, P, or K stresses altered the chemical composition of rice plants. Deficiency of N, P, or K significantly reduced growth of rice plants. Allelochemical production decreased at low K (3 mg/kg) concentration. Insect food intake and assimilation growth, adult longevity, fecundity, and population increased significantly as N increased. In contrast, increases in K application adversely affected the biology and behavior of S. furcifera . Insect response to P‐stressed plants was not consistent. Regardless of the levels of N, P, or K, the difference between the resistance of IR2035 and susceptibility of TN1 remained distinct. Mortality of first‐instar nymphs was high on TN1 plants treated with steam‐distillate extracts of K‐stressed or unstressed IR2035 plants when compared with plants treated with acetone or TN1 extract. Resistance to S. furcifera in rice cultivars thus may be enhanced by applying moderate rates of N and high doses of K.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Deficiency of N, P or K significantly reduced growth of rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plants
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- Deficiency of N, P, or Ke2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e2“Deficiency of N, P, or K significantly reduced growth of rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, P or K stresses altered the chemical composition of rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen, P, or K stressese1
- Outcome
- chemical compositione1
- Direction
- alterede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e1“Nitrogen, P, or K stresses altered the chemical composition of rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low K (3 mg/kg) decreased allelochemical production in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low K (3 mg/kg) concentratione3
- Outcome
- Allelochemical productione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e3“Allelochemical production decreased at low K (3 mg/kg) concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Food intake and assimilation growth of Sogatella furcifera increased as N increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- as N increasede4
- Interactor
- Sogatella furciferaSogatella furciferae5pest
- Outcome
- Insect food intake and assimilation growthe4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e4“Insect food intake and assimilation growth, adult longevity, fecundity, and population increased significantly as N increased”
e5“whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult longevity, fecundity and population of Sogatella furcifera increased as N increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- as N increasede4
- Interactor
- Sogatella furciferaSogatella furciferae5pest
- Outcome
- adult longevity, fecundity, and populatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e4“Insect food intake and assimilation growth, adult longevity, fecundity, and population increased significantly as N increased”
e5“whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased K application adversely affected the biology and behavior of Sogatella furcifera.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increases in K applicatione5
- Interactor
- S. furciferaSogatella furciferae5pest
- Outcome
- biology and behaviore5
- Direction
- adversely affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e5“In contrast, increases in K application adversely affected the biology and behavior of S. furcifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect response to P-stressed rice plants was not consistent.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Insect responsee6
- Qualifier
- not consistente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e6“Insect response to P‐stressed plants was not consistent”
Claim · model-written summary
The resistance of IR2035 remained distinct from the susceptibility of TN1 regardless of nutrient levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR2035e7
- Outcome
- resistancee7
- Direction
- remained distincte7
- Comparator
- TN1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e7“the difference between the resistance of IR2035 and susceptibility of TN1 remained distinct”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality of first-instar Sogatella furcifera nymphs was high on TN1 plants treated with steam-distillate extracts of K-stressed or unstressed IR2035 plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- steam‐distillate extracts of K‐stressed or unstressed IR2035 plantse1
- Interactor
- Sogatella furciferaSogatella furciferae2pest
- Outcome
- Mortality of first‐instar nymphse1
- Direction
- highe1
- Comparator
- acetone or TN1 extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional Stresses and Varietal Resistance in Rice”
e1“Mortality of first‐instar nymphs was high on TN1 plants treated with steam‐distillate extracts of K‐stressed or unstressed IR2035 plants when compared with plants treated with acetone or TN1 extract”
e2“whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to Sogatella furcifera in rice cultivars may be enhanced by applying moderate rates of N and high doses of K.
- Taxon
- rice cultivarsOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- applying moderate rates of N and high doses of Ke1
- Interactor
- S. furciferaSogatella furciferae1pest
- Outcome
- Resistancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Resistance to S. furcifera in rice cultivars thus may be enhanced by applying moderate rates of N and high doses of K”
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