Abstract
Iron toxicity is a widespread nutrient disorder of lowland rice in West Africa. Soluble iron present in the soil solution under waterlogged conditions is absorbed by roots and accumulates in leaves. It causes poor growth and tillering and severe yield reductions, associated with leaf discoloration. Field experiments were conducted during 1994-1996 at an iron-toxic lowland site at Korhogo (Ivory Coast) to study the interactions between iron toxicity and the addition of various plant nutrients. Nine nutrient element treatments (combinations of N, P, K and Zn, including no fertilizer) were tested on one ironsusceptible (Bouake 189) and one iron-tolerant (CK 4) cultivar. The application of P, K and Zn with N reduced iron toxicity symptoms and increased yield in both cultivars. Strong correlations were observed between grain yield and scored leaf iron toxicity symptoms across seasons and treatments. The iron-tolerant rice cultivar absorbed less iron or transported less from roots to leaves, indicating the presence of a physiological avoidance mechanism. At any given concentration of iron in the leaves, net photsynthetic rates were lower in the susceptible than in the tolerant cultivar. The iron-tolerant cultivar owed its superior performance under iron-toxic conditions partly to avoidance (less iron accumulation in leaves) and tolerance (superior photosynthetic potential in the presence of absorbed iron in the leaves). Data indicated that these mechanisms can be further enhanced through the application of P, K and Zn.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Applying P, K and Zn with N reduced iron toxicity symptoms in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- P, K and Zn with Ne0
- Outcome
- iron toxicity symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- both cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The application of P, K and Zn with N reduced iron toxicity symptoms and increased yield in both cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying P, K and Zn with N increased yield in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P, K and Zn with Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The application of P, K and Zn with N reduced iron toxicity symptoms and increased yield in both cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and scored leaf iron toxicity symptoms were strongly correlated across seasons and treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- across seasons and treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Strong correlations were observed between grain yield and scored leaf iron toxicity symptoms across seasons and treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant cultivar absorbed less iron or transported less from roots to leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- iron-tolerant rice cultivare0
- Organ / stage
- roots to leavese0
- Outcome
- irone0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The iron-tolerant rice cultivar absorbed less iron or transported less from roots to leaves, indicating the presence of a physiological avoidance mechanism.”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given leaf iron concentration, the susceptible cultivar had lower net photosynthetic rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- susceptiblee0
- Outcome
- net photsynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- At any given concentration of iron in the leavese0
- Comparator
- tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“At any given concentration of iron in the leaves, net photsynthetic rates were lower in the susceptible than in the tolerant cultivar.”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant cultivar performed better partly through reduced leaf iron accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- iron-tolerant cultivare0
- Outcome
- superior performancee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- less iron accumulation in leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The iron-tolerant cultivar owed its superior performance under iron-toxic conditions partly to avoidance (less iron accumulation in leaves) and tolerance (superior photosynthetic potential in the presence of absorbed iron in the leaves).”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant cultivar performed better partly through superior photosynthetic potential with leaf iron.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- iron-tolerant cultivare0
- Outcome
- superior performancee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- superior photosynthetic potential in the presence of absorbed iron in the leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The iron-tolerant cultivar owed its superior performance under iron-toxic conditions partly to avoidance (less iron accumulation in leaves) and tolerance (superior photosynthetic potential in the presence of absorbed iron in the leaves).”
Claim · model-written summary
P, K and Zn application can enhance these avoidance and tolerance mechanisms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of P, K and Zne0
- Outcome
- these mechanismse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Data indicated that these mechanisms can be further enhanced through the application of P, K and Zn.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.