Abstract
The formation of flowers has been studied in stem tissue excised from flowering plants of Nicotiana tabacum variety Wisconsin No. 38, and cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium. A procedure for quantitative evaluation of factors influencing floral expression has been developed and effects of the growth substances, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA(3)), on the process are reported.Although a low (1 mum) level of IAA was required for the development of normal flowers on stem segments, higher concentrations tended to inhibit flowering. The decrease in floral buds was rapid in the 3 to 15 mum range. IAA concentrations up to 75 mum increased vegetative bud formation so as to effect a transition from floral to vegetative buds rather than merely an inhibition of bud formation. Higher IAA concentrations inhibited both vegetative and floral bud formation.Kinetin in high concentrations greatly increased the number of vegetative buds but had no significant effect on the number of floral buds per segment. High kinetin concentrations also permitted branching of floral shoots so that flower clusters were formed.GA(3) applied in the medium from the start, strongly inhibited bud formation on the stem segments, but when applied to young floral buds after they had formed, it promoted their further development ("bolting").Flower formation occurred in complete darkness, but light of moderate intensity was required for the development of normal flowers.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low IAA was required for normal flowers on tobacco stem segments.
- Taxon
- Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- 1 mum) level of IAAe0
- Outcome
- development of normal flowerse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low (1 mum) level of IAA was required for the development of normal flowers on stem segments”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher IAA concentrations inhibited flowering, with a rapid decline in floral buds at 3 to 15 mum.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- higher concentrationse0
- Outcome
- floral budse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 15 mume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher concentrations tended to inhibit flowering. The decrease in floral buds was rapid in the 3 to 15 mum range”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA up to 75 mum increased vegetative bud formation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- IAA concentrations up to 75 mume0
- Outcome
- vegetative bud formatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA concentrations up to 75 mum increased vegetative bud formation”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher IAA concentrations inhibited vegetative and floral bud formation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Higher IAA concentrationse0
- Outcome
- vegetative and floral bud formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher IAA concentrations inhibited both vegetative and floral bud formation”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
High kinetin increased vegetative bud numbers.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Kinetin in high concentrationse0
- Outcome
- number of vegetative budse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetin in high concentrations greatly increased the number of vegetative buds”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
High kinetin did not significantly affect floral bud numbers.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Kinetin in high concentrationse0
- Outcome
- number of floral buds per segmente0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetin in high concentrations greatly increased the number of vegetative buds but had no significant effect on the number of floral buds per segment”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
High kinetin permitted floral shoot branching and flower clusters.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- High kinetin concentrationse0
- Outcome
- branching of floral shootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High kinetin concentrations also permitted branching of floral shoots so that flower clusters were formed”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(3) applied from culture start strongly inhibited bud formation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- GA(3) applied in the medium from the starte0
- Outcome
- bud formatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA(3) applied in the medium from the start, strongly inhibited bud formation on the stem segments”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(3) applied after floral buds formed promoted their development.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- GA(3)e1
- Outcome
- further developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- young floral buds after they had formede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when applied to young floral buds after they had formed, it promoted their further development ("bolting")”
e1“GA(3) applied in the medium from the start”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower formation occurred in complete darkness.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- Flower formation occurred in complete darknesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower formation occurred in complete darkness”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate light was required for normal flower development.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- light of moderate intensitye0
- Outcome
- development of normal flowerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light of moderate intensity was required for the development of normal flowers”
t0“Tobacco”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 16 papers →indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.