Abstract
Abstract Seed‐soil and plant‐soil relations were observed on a sandy loam soil given various mulching and firming treatments. Special emphasis was given to soil moisture trends. The soil is sandy loam to a depth of about 12 inches where a semi‐permeable B horizon is found. Plant roots penetrate the B horizon and extend through the underlying layer of sand to a depth of 3 feet where a caliche hardpan is encountered. Rolling to firm the seedbed provided advantages in moisture retention, rate of seedling emergence, seedling growth, survival, lateral root distribution, and the occurrence of root hairs near the surface. Heavy rolling above the seed was undesirable in terms of mechanical restriction to emergence, soil aeration and subsequent restriction to germination under continued precipitation, number of primary roots, and lateral root distribution when cleavage lines were encountered. A soil mulch above firm soil as obtained by rolling and shallow harrowing, and rolling in strips were especially beneficial in terms of moisture retention and grass survival.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Roots penetrated the B horizon and extended to a caliche hardpan.
Verbatim
e0“Plant roots penetrate the B horizon and extend through the underlying layer of sand to a depth of 3 feet where a caliche hardpan is encountered”
Claim · model-written summary
Rolling improved moisture retention, emergence, growth, survival and near-surface root development.
- Taxon
- grasst0
- Treatment
- Rolling to firm the seedbede0
- Outcome
- moisture retention, rate of seedling emergence, seedling growthe0
- Direction
- advantagese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Rolling to firm the seedbed provided advantages in moisture retention, rate of seedling emergence, seedling growth, survival, lateral root distribution, and the occurrence of root hairs near the surface”
t0“grass survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy rolling above seed mechanically restricted emergence and subsequent germination under continued precipitation.
- Taxon
- grasst0
- Treatment
- Heavy rolling above the seede0
- Outcome
- restriction to emergencee0
- Direction
- restrictione0
- Qualifier
- under continued precipitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Heavy rolling above the seed was undesirable in terms of mechanical restriction to emergence, soil aeration and subsequent restriction to germination under continued precipitation”
t0“grass survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy rolling reduced primary roots and lateral root distribution where cleavage lines occurred.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Heavy rolling above the seed was undesirable in terms of mechanical restriction to emergence, soil aeration and subsequent restriction to germination under continued precipitation, number of primary roots, and lateral root distribution when cleavage lines were encountered”
t0“grass survival”
Claim · model-written summary
A soil mulch above firm soil benefited moisture retention and grass survival.
- Taxon
- grasse0
- Treatment
- A soil mulch above firm soile0
- Outcome
- moisture retention and grass survivale0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A soil mulch above firm soil as obtained by rolling and shallow harrowing, and rolling in strips were especially beneficial in terms of moisture retention and grass survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Rolling in strips benefited moisture retention and grass survival.
- Taxon
- grasse0
- Treatment
- rolling in stripse0
- Outcome
- moisture retention and grass survivale0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“rolling in strips were especially beneficial in terms of moisture retention and grass survival”