Abstract
Few herbicides are labeled for weed control when establishing alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)‐grass mixtures. Varying the planting date of the grass in relation to alfalfa and adjusting herbicide application timing could improve weed control and forage grass safety. The research objective was to evaluate the use of glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] for weed control in seedling glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa mixed with orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.). Orchardgrass was seeded with alfalfa or 4 and 5 wk after alfalfa; while glyphosate was applied 4 wk after planting and all treatments included an untreated check. First year harvests varied in composition and orchardgrass was slower to establish than alfalfa. At the first harvest, glyphosate treatments had 17 to 35% higher alfalfa content, reduced or similar orchardgrass content, and 75 to 90% lower weed content than treatments without glyphosate. By the third harvest of the establishment year, weed biomass in the 4 and 5 wk after planting treatments not treated with herbicide was at least 4.5 times greater and orchardgrass content was the same or less than the comparable glyphosate treatments. Forage species composition and weed control differences present during the establishment year dissipated during the second year of the study. By 2 yr after establishment, orchardgrass content was lower only in the first two cuttings when orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followed, a practice not generally recommended. This study demonstrates the utility of glyphosate in glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa and should provide some guidance for establishment of successful alfalfa‐grass mixtures.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Orchardgrass established more slowly than alfalfa.
- Taxon
- orchardgrass
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomeratae0 - Outcome
- establishe0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- alfalfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“orchardgrass was slower to establish than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased alfalfa content at first harvest by 17 to 35%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- alfalfa contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17 to 35%e0
- Comparator
- treatments without glyphosatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate treatments had 17 to 35% higher alfalfa content”
e1“treatments without glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced or left orchardgrass content similar at first harvest.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatmentse1
- Outcome
- orchardgrass contente0
- Direction
- reduced or similare0
- Comparator
- treatments without glyphosatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced or similar orchardgrass content”
e1“At the first harvest, glyphosate treatments”
e2“treatments without glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced weed content by 75 to 90% at first harvest.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatmentse2
- Outcome
- weed contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 75 to 90%e0
- Comparator
- treatments without glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75 to 90% lower weed content than treatments without glyphosate”
e1“establishing alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)‐grass mixtures”
e2“At the first harvest, glyphosate treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicide, weed biomass in delayed orchardgrass sowing treatments was at least 4.5 times greater by the third harvest.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- 4 and 5 wk after planting treatments not treated with herbicidee0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 4.5 timese0
- Comparator
- comparable glyphosate treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed biomass in the 4 and 5 wk after planting treatments not treated with herbicide was at least 4.5 times greater”
e1“establishing alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)‐grass mixtures”
e2“comparable glyphosate treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Orchardgrass content in delayed sowing without herbicide was the same or less than with comparable glyphosate treatments.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- 4 and 5 wk after planting treatments not treated with herbicidee1
- Outcome
- orchardgrass contente0
- Direction
- same or lesse0
- Comparator
- comparable glyphosate treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“orchardgrass content was the same or less than the comparable glyphosate treatments”
e1“4 and 5 wk after planting treatments not treated with herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage composition and weed control differences from establishment dissipated in the second year.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Outcome
- Forage species composition and weed control differencese0
- Direction
- dissipatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage species composition and weed control differences present during the establishment year dissipated during the second year of the study.”
e1“establishing alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)‐grass mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after establishment, simultaneous orchardgrass sowing followed by glyphosate lowered orchardgrass content only in the first two cuttings.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followede0
- Outcome
- orchardgrass contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- first two cuttingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 2 yr after establishment, orchardgrass content was lower only in the first two cuttings when orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors do not generally recommend simultaneous orchardgrass sowing followed by glyphosate.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae1
- Outcome
- a practice not generally recommendede0
- Qualifier
- orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a practice not generally recommended”
e1“when orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followed”
e2“orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followed”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →glyphosate · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
herbicide · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.