Abstract
ABSTRACT The impact of three auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on nitrogen metabolism were investigated in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plants were raised from seeds soaked in water (control), 10−8 M of IAA, IBA, or 4-Cl-IAA, for 12 hours and were assessed for different parameters at 60 days after sowing. Observations showed that auxins, irrespective of the analogue significantly increased the nodulation, leghemoglobin content, nodule nitrogen content and the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation. Of the three auxins, 4-Cl-IAA was the most effective in increasing these parameters. The increase in seed yield was 27% higher than the water soaked control. The response to auxins followed the trend 4-Cl-IAA > IAA > IBA > control. It may be concluded from the present investigation that auxins, irrespective of the type, significantly improved the nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and yield of the chickpea. Of three auxins used, 4-Cl-IAA generated the best response. Keywords: auxinchlorosubstituted auxinnitrogen metabolismphotosynthetic ratewater use efficiency ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Each auxin analogue significantly increased chickpea nodulation relative to water soaking.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume2 - Treatment
- auxinse1
- Outcome
- nodulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- water (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants were raised from seeds soaked in water (control), 10−8 M of IAA, IBA, or 4-Cl-IAA”
e1“auxins, irrespective of the analogue significantly increased the nodulation”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Each auxin analogue significantly increased chickpea leghemoglobin content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- auxinse0
- Outcome
- leghemoglobin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxins, irrespective of the analogue significantly increased the nodulation, leghemoglobin content”
e1“water (control)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Each auxin analogue significantly increased chickpea nodule nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- auxinse0
- Outcome
- nodule nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxins, irrespective of the analogue significantly increased the nodulation, leghemoglobin content, nodule nitrogen content”
e1“water (control)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Each auxin analogue significantly increased chickpea nitrogen-assimilation enzymes.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- auxinse0
- Outcome
- enzymes of nitrogen assimilatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxins, irrespective of the analogue significantly increased the nodulation, leghemoglobin content, nodule nitrogen content and the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation”
e1“water (control)”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
4-Cl-IAA gave the strongest increase in the nodulation and nitrogen-metabolism measures.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- 4-Cl-IAAe0
- Outcome
- nodulation, leghemoglobin content, nodule nitrogen content and the enzymes of nitrogen assimilatione1
- Direction
- most effective in increasinge0
- Comparator
- three auxinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the three auxins, 4-Cl-IAA was the most effective in increasing these parameters”
e1“nodulation, leghemoglobin content, nodule nitrogen content and the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin treatment raised chickpea seed yield by 27% over water-soaked control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- auxinse1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- water soaked controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in seed yield was 27% higher than the water soaked control”
e1“auxins, irrespective of the type, significantly improved the nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and yield of the chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The overall chickpea response ranked 4-Cl-IAA above IAA, IBA and control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- response to auxinse0
- Direction
- 4-Cl-IAA > IAA > IBA > controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response to auxins followed the trend 4-Cl-IAA > IAA > IBA > control”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All auxin types significantly improved chickpea photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- auxinse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- water (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxins, irrespective of the type, significantly improved the nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and yield of the chickpea”
e1“water (control)”
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