Abstract
Abstract The effects of air temperature and light on the grain filling of an indica (IR20) and ajaponica rice (Fujisaka 5) was studied in artificially lighted cabinets. Within the daily mean temperature range of 16° to 28°C, the higher the temperature, the faster the grains filled and matured. At 28°C, the upper grains of IR20 rice took 13 days to reach the maximum weight, whereas those of Fujisaka 5 took 18 days. The optimum daily mean temperature range to achieve maximum weight per grain was 19° to 25°C for IR20 and 16° to 22°C for Fujisaka 5. Apparently, IR20 rice is better adapted to higher temperatures during the ripening period than is Fujisaka 5 rice. More chalky grains occurred when the temperature was above or below the optimum range. Both day and night temperatures affected grain weight and grain quality. The daily mean temperature was found to be the most meaningful expression for describing the effect of temperature on grain filling. Low light intensity appeared to cause a slight delay in the grain filling of the whole panicle and a reduction in the percentage of filled grains on the lower branches. A combination of high light intensity and low temperature gave the best ripening grade (grain weight × percent filled grains).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Higher daily mean temperature from 16° to 28°C accelerated grain filling and maturation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- grains filled and maturede0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- 16° to 28°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Within the daily mean temperature range of 16° to 28°C, the higher the temperature, the faster the grains filled and matured”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28°C, upper grains of IR20 took 13 days to reach maximum weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- IR20e0
- Organ / stage
- upper grainse0
- Outcome
- reach the maximum weighte0
- Value
- 13 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 28°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 28°C, the upper grains of IR20 rice took 13 days to reach the maximum weight”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28°C, upper grains of Fujisaka 5 took 18 days to reach maximum weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Fujisaka 5e0
- Organ / stage
- upper grainse0
- Outcome
- maximum weighte0
- Value
- 18 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 28°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“At 28°C, the upper grains of IR20 rice took 13 days to reach the maximum weight, whereas those of Fujisaka 5 took 18 days”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum daily mean temperature for maximum IR20 grain weight was 19° to 25°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR20e0
- Outcome
- maximum weight per graine0
- Value
- 19° to 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The optimum daily mean temperature range to achieve maximum weight per grain was 19° to 25°C for IR20”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum daily mean temperature for maximum Fujisaka 5 grain weight was 16° to 22°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Fujisaka 5e0
- Outcome
- maximum weight per graine0
- Value
- 16° to 22°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The optimum daily mean temperature range to achieve maximum weight per grain was 19° to 25°C for IR20 and 16° to 22°C for Fujisaka 5”
Claim · model-written summary
IR20 appeared better adapted to high ripening temperatures than Fujisaka 5.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- IR20e0
- Outcome
- better adapted to higher temperaturese0
- Direction
- better adaptede0
- Comparator
- Fujisaka 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparently, IR20 rice is better adapted to higher temperatures during the ripening period than is Fujisaka 5 rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperatures outside the optimum range produced more chalky grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- chalky grainse0
- Direction
- Moree0
- Qualifier
- above or below the optimum rangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“More chalky grains occurred when the temperature was above or below the optimum range”
Claim · model-written summary
Day and night temperatures both affected grain weight and quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- day and night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- grain weight and grain qualitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Both day and night temperatures affected grain weight and grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Daily mean temperature was the most meaningful measure for describing temperature effects on grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- the most meaningful expression for describing the effect of temperature on grain fillinge0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The daily mean temperature was found to be the most meaningful expression for describing the effect of temperature on grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light intensity appeared to delay whole-panicle grain filling slightly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Low light intensitye0
- Outcome
- grain filling of the whole paniclee0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Qualifier
- slighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Low light intensity appeared to cause a slight delay in the grain filling of the whole panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light intensity appeared to reduce the percentage of filled grains on lower branches.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Low light intensitye0
- Outcome
- percentage of filled grains on the lower branchese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Low light intensity appeared to cause a slight delay in the grain filling of the whole panicle and a reduction in the percentage of filled grains on the lower branches”
Claim · model-written summary
High light intensity combined with low temperature gave the best ripening grade.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high light intensity and low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- ripening gradee0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“A combination of high light intensity and low temperature gave the best ripening grade (grain weight × percent filled grains)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.