Abstract
Ethyl formate (EF) was studied as a fumigant agent with the objective to replace methyl bromide (MB) for date fruit disinfestations. Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour' with different initial moisture content (16% for dry dates, 20% for semidry dates, and a mixture of the two types) were separately fumigated with EF at different concentrations: 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g/m3 for 2 h. Experimental data of EF sorption during fumigation was successfully fitted to Peleg's model. This model allows the prediction of the effects of date moisture content and EF concentration on sorption behavior. Samples with different moisture content showed similar EF sorption behavior. Dates were artificially infested with carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)) at different life stages. Eggs, third- and fifth-instars, and pupae were exposed to 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g/m3 EF for 2 h. Among these life stages, fifth-instars were the most resistant to EF fumigation. A 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EF provided complete control of eggs, third-instars, and pupae of carob moth, and generated 91.6% mortality of fifth-instars. A longer fumigation time or higher EF concentration may provide complete control of all life stages of carob moth.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Peleg’s model fitted ethyl formate sorption data during date fumigation.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactyliferae0 - Outcome
- EF sorptione1
- Comparator
- Peleg's modele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour'”
e1“Experimental data of EF sorption during fumigation was successfully fitted to Peleg's model”
Claim · model-written summary
Dates with differing moisture content showed similar ethyl formate sorption.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Outcome
- EF sorption behaviore1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- different moisture contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour'”
e1“Samples with different moisture content showed similar EF sorption behavior”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifth-instar carob moths were the most resistant life stage to ethyl formate fumigation.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- EF fumigatione2
- Interactor
- Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)
Ectomyelois ceratoniaee1pest - Outcome
- fifth-instars were the most resistante2
- Direction
- most resistante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour'”
e1“carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller))”
e2“fifth-instars were the most resistant to EF fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-hour fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EF completely controlled carob moth eggs, third instars and pupae.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EFe1
- Interactor
- carob mothe1pest
- Outcome
- control of eggs, third-instars, and pupae of carob mothe1
- Direction
- complete controle1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour'”
e1“A 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EF provided complete control of eggs, third-instars, and pupae of carob moth”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fumigation produced 91.6% mortality in fifth-instar carob moths.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EFe1
- Interactor
- carob mothe1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of fifth-instarse1
- Direction
- generatede1
- Value
- 91.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour'”
e1“A 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EF provided complete control of eggs, third-instars, and pupae of carob moth, and generated 91.6% mortality of fifth-instars”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · pest · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.