Abstract
Perennial cultivars of Coreopsis, a genus native to the United States, are widely grown for aesthetics in home gardens and roadsides and are increasingly used in conservation projects and native-plant gardens. During the spring and summer of 2006 and 2007, Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' plants with foliar symptoms showing chlorotic spots and rings were observed in wholesale and retail nurseries in Washington. Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with crude sap extracts from symptomatic leaves of C. auriculata 'Nana' obtained from two different sources showed systemic mosaic mottling symptoms, indicating the presence of a virus. Symptomatic leaf samples from C. auriculata 'Nana' and N. benthamiana tested positive in antigen-coated plate-ELISA with potyvirus group-specific monoclonal antibodies (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). Additional analysis by ELISA was positive for Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV; Agdia Inc.). To confirm these results, total RNA extracted from symptomatic N. benthamiana leaves was subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using potyvirus degenerate primers (PNIbF5: 5'-GCCAGCCCTCCACCGTNGTNGAYAA-3' and PCPR1: 5'-GGGGAGGTGCCGTTCTCDATRCACCA-3') covering the 3' end of the NIb gene and the 5' end of the CP gene (1). A single DNA band of approximately 1,000 bp amplified from symptomatic leaves of two independent plants was cloned separately into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). Two independent clones per amplicon were sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of these sequences with corresponding nucleotide sequences of potyviruses in GenBank showed 93 to 99% identity in the NIb/CP region with LMV sequences from France (GenBank Accession Nos. X97704, X65652, and X97705), China (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ306288 and AJ488153), and Brazil (GenBank Accession No. AJ278854). These results confirmed the presence of LMV in symptomatic leaves of N. benthamiana and C. auriculata 'Nana'. The occurrence of LMV has been reported in ornamental plants that included freeway daisy (Osteospermum fruticosum), lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), and gazanias (Gazania spp.) (2-4). To our knowledge, this is the first documented evidence for the occurrence of LMV in Coreopsis, an economically important perennial ornamental widely grown in the United States. Although the origin of LMV in C. auriculata 'Nana' is not known, distribution of cuttings from LMV-infected C. auriculata 'Nana' plants to wholesale and retailers within Washington and across the country by movement of plant material could pose a risk to other ornamentals and crops like lettuce because of the broad host range of LMV and its potential transmission by several species of polyphagous aphids. Seed transmission as a potential means of dissemination of LMV in Coreopsis has not been examined, although the virus is seedborne in other plants such as lettuce. References: (1) Y.-C. Hsu et al. J. Virol. Methods 128:54, 2005. (2) V. Lisa et al. Inf. Fitopatol. 3:58, 1995. (3). D. C. Opgenorth et al Plant Dis. 75:751, 1991. (4) F. M. Zerbini et al. Plant Dis. 81:641, 1997.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' plants with chlorotic spots and rings on leaves were observed in wholesale and retail nurseries in Washington.
- Taxon
- Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana'
Coreopsis auriculatae0 - Outcome
- foliar symptoms showing chlorotic spots and ringse0
- Setting
- wholesale and retail nurseries in Washingtone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' plants with foliar symptoms showing chlorotic spots and rings were observed in wholesale and retail nurseries in Washington”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with crude sap from symptomatic C. auriculata 'Nana' leaves showed systemic mosaic mottling symptoms.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- inoculated with crude sap extracts from symptomatic leaves of C. auriculata 'Nana'e0
- Outcome
- systemic mosaic mottling symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with crude sap extracts from symptomatic leaves of C. auriculata 'Nana' obtained from two different sources showed systemic mosaic mottling symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptomatic leaf samples from C. auriculata 'Nana' and N. benthamiana tested positive in plate-ELISA with potyvirus group-specific monoclonal antibodies.
- Taxon
- C. auriculata 'Nana'Coreopsis auriculatae0
- Outcome
- tested positive in antigen-coated plate-ELISA with potyvirus group-specific monoclonal antibodiese0
- Qualifier
- N. benthamianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptomatic leaf samples from C. auriculata 'Nana' and N. benthamiana tested positive in antigen-coated plate-ELISA with potyvirus group-specific monoclonal antibodies”
Claim · model-written summary
ELISA with a specific antiserum was positive for Lettuce mosaic virus.
- Interactor
- Lettuce mosaic virusLettuce mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- ELISA was positivee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Additional analysis by ELISA was positive for Lettuce mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
NIb/CP sequences amplified by RT-PCR showed 93 to 99% identity with LMV sequences from France, China and Brazil.
- Interactor
- LMVLettuce mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- identity in the NIb/CP regione0
- Value
- 93 to 99%e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“showed 93 to 99% identity in the NIb/CP region with LMV sequences from France”
Claim · model-written summary
The results confirmed the presence of LMV in symptomatic leaves of N. benthamiana and C. auriculata 'Nana'.
- Taxon
- C. auriculata 'Nana'Coreopsis auriculatae0
- Interactor
- LMVLettuce mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of LMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results confirmed the presence of LMV in symptomatic leaves of N. benthamiana and C. auriculata 'Nana'”
Claim · model-written summary
This is the first documented evidence of LMV occurrence in Coreopsis.
- Interactor
- LMVLettuce mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- first documented evidence for the occurrence of LMVe0
CoreopsisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first documented evidence for the occurrence of LMV in Coreopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Distribution of cuttings from LMV-infected C. auriculata 'Nana' through plant material movement could pose a risk to other ornamentals and crops like lettuce.
- Taxon
- C. auriculata 'Nana'Coreopsis auriculatae0
- Outcome
- risk to other ornamentals and crops like lettucee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“distribution of cuttings from LMV-infected C. auriculata 'Nana' plants to wholesale and retailers within Washington and across the country by movement of plant material could pose a risk to other ornamentals and crops like lettuce”
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.