Abstract
Abstract The Southeastern Anatolian Project (SAP, Turkish acronym GAP) is the largest irrigation and development project of Turkey covering about two million ha cultivated land. A number of field experiments in the region with different crops including maize, wheat, and cotton, have repeatedly shown that increased applications of phosphorus (P) fertilizers (i.e., from 0 kg P2O5 ha−1 up to 200 kg P2O5 ha−1) do not lead to any effects on crop yield in soils with low plant available P concentration. The aim of the research was to determine the potential effect of indigenous mycorrhiza and selected mycorrhiza species on plant growth and nutrient uptake under sterile and non‐sterile soil conditions. The preliminary results led us to study the effect of indigenous mycorrhizae potential on the growth of plants and P nutrition in a representative soil from the GAP under greenhouse conditions. Using inoculation of three different mycorrhizae species (Glomus caledonium, G. etunicatum, and G. mossea) maize plants were grown with increasing P [0 (P1), 25 (P2), 125 (P3) mg P kg−1 soil] supply in soils with and without sterilization. At the lowest P supply, shoot dry matter production was significantly depressed. This decreasing effect of low P supply was particularly obvious when soils were sterilized and not inoculated with mycorrhizae. Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae species significantly increased plant growth and P uptake of plants, especially under low P supply and soil sterilization. In all experiments, plants grown on non‐sterile soil grew much better than on sterilized soils. However, mycorrhizal dependencies of plant grow in sterile soil is higher than that in non‐sterile soil. Among the mycorrhizae species, G. caledonium was the most effective on plant growth, P uptake and mycorrhizal dependency. In low P application, plant roots were strongly infected and consequently increased plant growth, but in high P level application there was a slight reduction in root infection. The results show that mycorrhizal inoculation is an effective practice for improving crop production in P deficient soils. Also there was a potential effect of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi spores in the soil series of the Harran Plain that successfully infected the plant roots. It has been concluded that soil and crop management can help to get maximum benefit from indigenous mycorrhiza for sustainable P management.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest phosphorus supply significantly depressed maize shoot dry matter.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest P supply, shoot dry matter production was significantly depressed”
e1“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction under low phosphorus was especially apparent in sterilized soil without mycorrhizal inoculation.
- Outcome
- decreasing effect of low P supplye0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- soils were sterilized and not inoculated with mycorrhizaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decreasing effect of low P supply was particularly obvious when soils were sterilized and not inoculated with mycorrhizae”
e1“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased maize growth, particularly with low phosphorus and sterilization.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae speciese0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- low P supply and soil sterilizatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae species significantly increased plant growth and P uptake of plants, especially under low P supply and soil sterilization”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae species”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased maize phosphorus uptake, particularly with low phosphorus and sterilization.
- Treatment
- Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae speciese0
- Outcome
- P uptake of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- low P supply and soil sterilizatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae species significantly increased plant growth and P uptake of plants, especially under low P supply and soil sterilization”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizae species”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grew much better in nonsterile than sterilized soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown on non‐sterile soil grew much better than on sterilized soils”
e1“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal dependence of maize growth was higher in sterile than nonsterile soil.
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal dependencies of plant growe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non‐sterile soile0
- Setting
- sterile soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal dependencies of plant grow in sterile soil is higher than that in non‐sterile soil”
e1“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
G. caledonium was the most effective mycorrhizal species for maize growth, phosphorus uptake and mycorrhizal dependence.
- Interactor
- G. caledoniumFunneliformis caledoniume0symbionte2
- Outcome
- plant growth, P uptake and mycorrhizal dependencye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G. caledonium was the most effective on plant growth, P uptake and mycorrhizal dependency”
e1“maize plants”
e2“G. caledonium”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus application produced strong maize root infection by mycorrhizae.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In low P application, plant roots were strongly infected”
e1“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At high phosphorus application, maize root infection was slightly reduced.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in high P level application there was a slight reduction in root infection”
e1“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Indigenous mycorrhizal spores from Harran Plain soils infected maize roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous mycorrhizal fungi spores in the soil series of the Harran Plain that successfully infected the plant roots”
e1“maize plants”
e2“indigenous mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation can improve crop production in phosphorus deficient soils.
- Outcome
- improving crop production in P deficient soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation is an effective practice for improving crop production in P deficient soils”
e1“maize plants”
e2“mycorrhizal inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended soil and crop management to maximize indigenous mycorrhizal benefit for sustainable phosphorus management.
- Outcome
- maximum benefit from indigenous mycorrhiza for sustainable P managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and crop management can help to get maximum benefit from indigenous mycorrhiza for sustainable P management”
e1“maize plants”
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