Abstract
Three maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids were evaluated for their grain yield under different levels of spring‐applied anhydrous ammonia fertilizer. The N content in the vegetative tissues and grain was analyzed at the midsilk stage and at 60 days after pollination. Of the three hybrids tested, B14 ✕ Oh43 (intermediate type) responded to moderate levels of N fertility, B73 ✕ Mol7 (high‐fertility type) had a great response to additional N, and Pioneer 3732 (low‐fertility type) performed well under low levels of N fertilizer but reached maximum yield with only 67 kg N/ha. There are at least three factors affecting grain yield which distinguish the high‐fertility from low‐fertility type hybrids. These include 1) ability to absorb additional N fertilizer after the midsilk stage, 2) rate and duration of grain fill, and 3) rate of zein synthesis (kernel N sink) affected by N fertilizer. When the kernel genotpye of Pioneer 3732 was modified by pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7, the developing F 1 kernels not only had grain protein concentration higher than Pioneer 3732 F 2 kernels but had dry matter accumulation kinetics complementary to Pioneer 3732 and B73 ✕ Mol7. This complementation resulted in larger kernels than those obtained with selfed kernels of either hybrid. This result indicates the kernel sink is more important than the vegetative source in affecting kernel weight and grain yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
B14 ✕ Oh43 responded to moderate nitrogen fertility.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B14 ✕ Oh43 (intermediate type) responded to moderate levels of N fertility”
e1“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
B73 ✕ Mol7 had a great response to additional nitrogen.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B73 ✕ Mol7 (high‐fertility type) had a great response to additional N”
e1“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Pioneer 3732 performed well under low nitrogen fertilizer.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pioneer 3732 (low‐fertility type) performed well under low levels of N fertilizer”
e1“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Pioneer 3732 reached maximum yield with 67 kg N/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pioneer 3732 (low‐fertility type) performed well under low levels of N fertilizer but reached maximum yield with only 67 kg N/ha”
e1“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Absorption of additional nitrogen after midsilk distinguished high- from low-fertility maize hybrids.
- Material
- high‐fertility from low‐fertility type hybridse1
- Organ / stage
- midsilk stagee0
- Outcome
- ability to absorb additional N fertilizere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ability to absorb additional N fertilizer after the midsilk stage”
e1“high‐fertility from low‐fertility type hybrids”
e2“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate and duration of grain fill distinguished the high- and low-fertility maize hybrids.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate and duration of grain fill”
e1“high‐fertility from low‐fertility type hybrids”
e2“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-affected zein synthesis distinguished the high- and low-fertility maize hybrids.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate of zein synthesis (kernel N sink) affected by N fertilizer”
e1“high‐fertility from low‐fertility type hybrids”
e2“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Pioneer 3732 kernels pollinated with B73 ✕ Mol7 had higher grain protein concentration than selfed Pioneer 3732 kernels.
- Material
- Pioneer 3732e0
- Treatment
- pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7e0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Pioneer 3732 F 2 kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7, the developing F 1 kernels not only had grain protein concentration higher than Pioneer 3732 F 2 kernels”
e1“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Pioneer 3732 kernels pollinated with B73 ✕ Mol7 had complementary dry-matter accumulation kinetics.
- Treatment
- pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7e1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation kineticse0
- Comparator
- Pioneer 3732 and B73 ✕ Mol7e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had dry matter accumulation kinetics complementary to Pioneer 3732 and B73 ✕ Mol7”
e1“pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7”
e2“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross produced larger kernels than selfing either hybrid.
- Treatment
- pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7e1
- Outcome
- kernelse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- selfed kernels of either hybride0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This complementation resulted in larger kernels than those obtained with selfed kernels of either hybrid”
e1“pollinating with pollen from B73 ✕ Mol7”
e2“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel sink was considered more important than vegetative source for kernel weight and grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the kernel sink is more important than the vegetative source in affecting kernel weight and grain yield”
e1“maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids”
The same questions in other papers
pollination · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 234 in the opposite direction · 45 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
2,181 papers more in this group
See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.