Abstract
The ecosystem characteristics of soil microorganism and the nutrient uptake of irrigated rice were investigated in a split-block experiment with different fertilization treatments, including control (no fertilizer application), PK, NK, NP, NPK fertilization, in the main block, and conventional rice and hybrid rice comparison, in the sub block. Average data of five treatments in five years indicated that the indigenous N supply (INS) capacity ranged from 32.72 to 93.21 kg/ha; that indigenous P supply (IPS) capacity ranged from 7.42 to 32.25 kg/ha; and that indigenous K supply (IKS) capacity ranged from 16.24 to 140.51 kg/ha, which showed that soil available nutrient pool depletion might occur very fast and that P, K deficiency has become a constraint to increasing yields of consecutive crops grown without fertilizer application. It was found that soil nutrient deficiency and unbalanced fertilization to rice crop had negative effect on the diversity of the microbial community and total microbial biomass in the soil. The long-term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) also showed that balanced application of N, P and K promoted microbial biomass growth and improvement of community composition. Unbalanced fertilization reduced microbial N and increased C/N ratio of the microbial biomass. Compared with inbred rice, hybrid rice behavior is characterized by physiological advantage in nutrient uptake and lower internal K use efficiency.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Indigenous nitrogen supply ranged from 32.72 to 93.21 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- indigenous N supply (INS) capacitye0
- Value
- 32.72 to 93.21 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous N supply (INS) capacity ranged from 32.72 to 93.21 kg/ha”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Indigenous phosphorus supply ranged from 7.42 to 32.25 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- indigenous P supply (IPS) capacitye0
- Value
- 7.42 to 32.25 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous P supply (IPS) capacity ranged from 7.42 to 32.25 kg/ha”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Indigenous potassium supply ranged from 16.24 to 140.51 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- indigenous K supply (IKS) capacitye0
- Value
- 16.24 to 140.51 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous K supply (IKS) capacity ranged from 16.24 to 140.51 kg/ha”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient depletion and phosphorus and potassium deficiency may constrain consecutive crop yields without fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yields of consecutive cropse0
- Qualifier
- P, K deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil available nutrient pool depletion might occur very fast and that P, K deficiency has become a constraint to increasing yields of consecutive crops grown without fertilizer application”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nutrient deficiency and unbalanced fertilization negatively affected microbial diversity and biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- unbalanced fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- diversity of the microbial community and total microbial biomass in the soile0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil nutrient deficiency and unbalanced fertilization to rice crop had negative effect on the diversity of the microbial community and total microbial biomass in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced N, P and K application promoted microbial biomass growth and improved community composition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- balanced application of N, P and Ke0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass growth and improvement of community compositione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“balanced application of N, P and K promoted microbial biomass growth and improvement of community composition”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Unbalanced fertilization reduced microbial nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Unbalanced fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- microbial Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unbalanced fertilization reduced microbial N”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Unbalanced fertilization increased microbial biomass C/N ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Unbalanced fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- C/N ratio of the microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unbalanced fertilization reduced microbial N and increased C/N ratio of the microbial biomass”
t0“nutrient uptake of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid rice had an advantage in nutrient uptake over inbred rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- hybrid ricee0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Comparator
- inbred ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with inbred rice, hybrid rice behavior is characterized by physiological advantage in nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid rice had lower internal potassium use efficiency than inbred rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- hybrid ricee0
- Outcome
- internal K use efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- inbred ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with inbred rice, hybrid rice behavior is characterized by physiological advantage in nutrient uptake and lower internal K use efficiency”
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