Abstract
In winter months, the U.S. domestic strawberry supply is low, demand is high, and unit price for strawberries is at its highest point during the year. Forcing strawberries in high tunnels during this time might capture this niche market. ‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned from 24 Aug. to 12 Sept. at 24 oC on a 12-hour day/night cycle, and were planted on 12 Sept. in fertilized plots in a high tunnel (29.3 m long × 4.3 m wide × 3.1 m high). Conditioned plants were also planted outside on mulched, drip-irrigated beds as a control. Red, yellow, and pearl ChromatiNets (24% shade factor: lowest intensity possible) were installed over the top of the high tunnel in 7.3 m wide swathes, and a no-net control plot was included. Plants were fertigated weekly with about 3.2 kg N/hectare per week from 15 N–30 P2O4–15 K2O. High tunnels were vented to maintain day temperatures in the range of 25 to 30 oC. Runners were removed and counted beginning 24 Sept. until 17 Nov. when runnering stopped. Runner production was 59% greater with yellow and pearl nets compared with the no-net controls. In contrast, the red nets produced 38% fewer total runners and runners per plant than the yellow and pearl nets, but red nets produced 34% more runners than the no-net controls. Runner production of no-net plants in high tunnels was 20% greater in contrast to the plants growing outside. Yield data from fall/winter forcing and residual spring harvests did not show any great advantage to marketable weight and numbers with ChromatiNets. Marketable berry production began on 31 Oct., with berry production slowing in November and missing the Thanksgiving market window, with negligible production in December. The plants began to produce heavily in January, with greater yields with red nets and no-net controls along with significant reductions with yellow and pearl nets. In February, all three ChromatiNets yielded less than the no-net controls. In March, plants appeared exhausted; therefore, the high tunnel was opened and plants were allowed to acclimate to outside temperatures. By April, the outside plots were in full production, yielding more than any high tunnel treatments. In the high tunnel, however, yields resumed with the no-net control and yellow net yielding similarly, but red and pearl nets yielding less than the no-net controls. In May, all high tunnel treatments yielded less than the outside plots. The no-net control produced greater total yields of all net treatments and apparently, the ChromatiNets suppressed overall yield. It is probable that in winter, the ChromatiNet shading factor overwhelmed any light quality enhancement and in longer, warmer, and brighter days, the ChromatiNets may show an advantage.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Runner production was 59% greater with yellow and pearl nets than with no-net controls.
- Taxon
- Strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- yellow and pearl netse1
- Outcome
- Runner productione1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 59%e1
- Comparator
- no-net controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“Runner production was 59% greater with yellow and pearl nets compared with the no-net controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Red nets produced 38% fewer total runners and runners per plant than yellow and pearl nets.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- red netse2
- Outcome
- total runners and runners per plante2
- Direction
- fewere2
- Value
- 38%e2
- Comparator
- yellow and pearl netse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e2“In contrast, the red nets produced 38% fewer total runners and runners per plant than the yellow and pearl nets”
Claim · model-written summary
Red nets produced 34% more runners than no-net controls.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- red netse3
- Outcome
- runnerse3
- Direction
- moree3
- Value
- 34%e3
- Comparator
- no-net controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e3“but red nets produced 34% more runners than the no-net controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Runner production of no-net plants in high tunnels was 20% greater than that of plants growing outside.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- no-net plants in high tunnelse4
- Outcome
- Runner productione4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 20%e4
- Comparator
- plants growing outsidee4
- Setting
- high tunnelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e4“Runner production of no-net plants in high tunnels was 20% greater in contrast to the plants growing outside”
Claim · model-written summary
ChromatiNets gave no great advantage in marketable weight and numbers of forced strawberries.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- ChromatiNetse5
- Outcome
- marketable weight and numberse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e5“Yield data from fall/winter forcing and residual spring harvests did not show any great advantage to marketable weight and numbers with ChromatiNets”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable berry production of forced strawberries began on 31 October.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Outcome
- Marketable berry productione6
- Qualifier
- began on 31 Oct.e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e6“Marketable berry production began on 31 Oct.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red nets gave greater yields than other treatments in January.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- red netse7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Qualifier
- in Januarye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e7“The plants began to produce heavily in January, with greater yields with red nets and no-net controls along with significant reductions with yellow and pearl nets”
Claim · model-written summary
No-net controls gave greater yields than other treatments in January.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- no-net controlse7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Qualifier
- in Januarye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e7“The plants began to produce heavily in January, with greater yields with red nets and no-net controls along with significant reductions with yellow and pearl nets”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow and pearl nets significantly reduced yields in January.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- yellow and pearl netse7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- reductionse7
- Qualifier
- in Januarye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e7“The plants began to produce heavily in January, with greater yields with red nets and no-net controls along with significant reductions with yellow and pearl nets”
Claim · model-written summary
All three ChromatiNets yielded less than no-net controls in February.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- ChromatiNetse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- In Februarye1
- Comparator
- no-net controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“In February, all three ChromatiNets yielded less than the no-net controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Outside plots yielded more than any high tunnel treatment by April.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- outside plotse1
- Outcome
- yieldinge1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- high tunnel treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“By April, the outside plots were in full production, yielding more than any high tunnel treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In the high tunnel, yellow net yielded similarly to the no-net control.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- yellow nete1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- similarlye1
- Comparator
- no-net controle1
- Setting
- high tunnele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“In the high tunnel, however, yields resumed with the no-net control and yellow net yielding similarly, but red and pearl nets yielding less than the no-net controls”
Claim · model-written summary
In the high tunnel, red and pearl nets yielded less than the no-net controls.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- red and pearl netse1
- Outcome
- yieldinge1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- no-net controlse1
- Setting
- high tunnele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“In the high tunnel, however, yields resumed with the no-net control and yellow net yielding similarly, but red and pearl nets yielding less than the no-net controls”
Claim · model-written summary
In May, all high tunnel treatments yielded less than the outside plots.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- high tunnel treatmentse1
- Outcome
- yieldede1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- outside plotse1
- Setting
- high tunnele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“In May, all high tunnel treatments yielded less than the outside plots”
Claim · model-written summary
No-net control produced greater total yields than all net treatments.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- no-net controle1
- Outcome
- total yieldse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- all net treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“The no-net control produced greater total yields of all net treatments and apparently, the ChromatiNets suppressed overall yield”
Claim · model-written summary
ChromatiNets apparently suppressed overall yield of forced strawberries.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Treatment
- ChromatiNetse1
- Outcome
- overall yielde1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“The no-net control produced greater total yields of all net treatments and apparently, the ChromatiNets suppressed overall yield”
Claim · model-written summary
In winter the ChromatiNet shading factor probably overwhelmed any light quality enhancement, which may explain the yield loss.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Sweet Charliee0
- Outcome
- light quality enhancemente1
- Qualifier
- the ChromatiNet shading factor overwhelmede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels”
e0“‘Sweet Charlie’ plugs were conditioned”
e1“It is probable that in winter, the ChromatiNet shading factor overwhelmed any light quality enhancement”
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