Abstract
A modeling approach was used to analyze the response of crop productivity to irrigation in the North China Plain (NCP), where excessive use of water for irrigation has caused rapid decline in groundwater table. We calibrated and evaluated the farming systems model APSIM with data from three sites (Luancheng, Yucheng and Fengqiu). The calibrated model was applied to simulate the response of crop yield to climate variation and irrigation. The results show that the APSIM model was able to simulate growth and yield of wheat and maize in a double cropping system. Root mean squared error (RMSE) of yield and biomass simulations were 0.83 and 1.40 t ha −1 for wheat, 1.07 and 1.70 t ha −1 for maize, respectively. Soil water and ET were also reasonably predicted, with RMSE of 24.33 mm 1.49 mm d −1 , respectively. The simulated rainfed yield range was 0∼6.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 0∼9.7 t ha −1 for maize in the double cropping system. Each 60 mm additional irrigation increased crop yield by 1.2 t ha −1 and 540 mm irrigation would be required to achieve the yield potential of 7.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 8.3 t ha −1 for maize. If >180 mm irrigation water was available, partition it to wheat and maize would lead to higher total yield than applying it only to wheat. Changing to a single crop system would lead to significantly lower annual total crop yield, although yield of the single crop could be increased due to increased stored soil moisture.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
APSIM simulated wheat yield with RMSE 0.83 t ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 0.83e0
- Qualifier
- t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root mean squared error (RMSE) of yield and biomass simulations were 0.83 and 1.40 t ha −1 for wheat, 1.07 and 1.70 t ha −1 for maize, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
APSIM simulated wheat biomass with RMSE 1.40 t ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Value
- 1.40 t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root mean squared error (RMSE) of yield and biomass simulations were 0.83 and 1.40 t ha −1 for wheat, 1.07 and 1.70 t ha −1 for maize, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
APSIM simulated maize yield with RMSE 1.07 t ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root mean squared error (RMSE) of yield and biomass simulations were 0.83 and 1.40 t ha −1 for wheat, 1.07 and 1.70 t ha −1 for maize, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
APSIM simulated maize biomass with RMSE 1.70 t ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root mean squared error (RMSE) of yield and biomass simulations were 0.83 and 1.40 t ha −1 for wheat, 1.07 and 1.70 t ha −1 for maize, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water was reasonably predicted with RMSE 24.33 mm.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil water and ET were also reasonably predicted, with RMSE of 24.33 mm 1.49 mm d −1 , respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ET was reasonably predicted with RMSE 1.49 mm d −1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil water and ET were also reasonably predicted, with RMSE of 24.33 mm 1.49 mm d −1 , respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated rainfed wheat yield ranged from 0 to 6.1 t ha −1 in double cropping.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- rainfed yielde0
- Value
- 0∼6.1 t ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- double cropping systeme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The simulated rainfed yield range was 0∼6.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 0∼9.7 t ha −1 for maize in the double cropping system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated rainfed maize yield ranged from 0 to 9.7 t ha −1 in double cropping.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The simulated rainfed yield range was 0∼6.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 0∼9.7 t ha −1 for maize in the double cropping system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Each additional 60 mm irrigation increased simulated crop yield by 1.2 t ha −1.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- 60 mm additional irrigatione0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.2 t ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Each 60 mm additional irrigation increased crop yield by 1.2 t ha −1 and 540 mm irrigation would be required to achieve the yield potential of 7.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 8.3 t ha −1 for maize.”
t0“Wheat and Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
540 mm irrigation was required to achieve simulated wheat yield potential of 7.1 t ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 540 mm irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield potentiale0
- Value
- 7.1 t ha −1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“540 mm irrigation would be required to achieve the yield potential of 7.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 8.3 t ha −1 for maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
540 mm irrigation was required to achieve simulated maize yield potential of 8.3 t ha −1.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“540 mm irrigation would be required to achieve the yield potential of 7.1 t ha −1 for wheat and 8.3 t ha −1 for maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
With over 180 mm irrigation available, allocating it to both crops produced higher total yield than irrigating wheat alone.
- Taxon
- wheat and maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse0
- Treatment
- partition it to wheat and maizee0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- >180 mm irrigation watere0
- Comparator
- applying it only to wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If >180 mm irrigation water was available, partition it to wheat and maize would lead to higher total yield than applying it only to wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Switching to a single crop system significantly lowered simulated annual total crop yield.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Changing to a single crop systeme0
- Outcome
- annual total crop yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changing to a single crop system would lead to significantly lower annual total crop yield, although yield of the single crop could be increased due to increased stored soil moisture.”
t0“Wheat and Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Single crop yield could increase because more soil moisture was stored.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Outcome
- yield of the single crope0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increased stored soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changing to a single crop system would lead to significantly lower annual total crop yield, although yield of the single crop could be increased due to increased stored soil moisture.”
t0“Wheat and Maize”
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