Abstract
Abstract Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is known to be effective in symbiotic N 2 fixation, but N deficiencies may occur during rapid vegetative and/or reproductive growth. The effects of N fertilization on growth, N uptake, and N partitioning in nodulating and nonnodulating peanut genotypes were studied during 1982 in the field and a greenhouse experiment at the University of Florida, Gainesville. Three lines, 'Florunner' (FL), 'Early Bunch' (EB), and a nonnodulating line ('M4‐2') were grown in the field on a Lakeland sandy soil (hyperthermic coated Thermic Quartzipsamment) at four N rates (0, 6, 12, and 24 g m −2 N) and in pots in the greenhouse at N rates at a factor of 0.05, 0.50, 0.95, and 1.40 N‐strength of Hoagland no. 2 solution, modified to adjust the other nutrients at 0.50 strength. In the field experiment, only the biomass crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) of all genotypes were significantly increased by N rates. A leaf area index of 3.0 was achieved at 60 days after planting (DAP) when 6 g m −2 N or more was applied on the nodulating genotypes. For the nonnodulating genotype (M4‐2), 120 days at 6 g m −2 N or 85 days at 24 g m −2 N were required to achieve LAI of 3.0. The vegetative and reproductive responses of M4‐2 to N increments were highly positive and essentially linear. Pod and seed yields of nodulated genotypes in field‐grown plants were not significantly influenced by N fertilization. Pod yields were increased in pot‐grown plants in the greenhouse, but nodule number and weight were reduced. A genotype X N rates interaction for plant component yield, leaf N concentration, and N content was observed due primarily to the differential response to N between the nodulating and nonodulating lines. Partitioning of photoassimilate to pods was generally reduced by N fertilization, probably due to vegetative growth stimulation. Florunner cultivar biologically fixed more N 2 than EB, the amount in FL exceeding the seed requirement (12.2 m −2 ) if fertilizer N rate was low. These studies suggest that the practice of N fertilization of well‐nodulated peanut does not increase pod or seed yield and is economically counter‐productive.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Field nitrogen rates significantly increased biomass growth rate and leaf area index in all genotypes.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- N ratese0
- Outcome
- biomass crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the biomass crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) of all genotypes were significantly increased by N rates”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulating genotypes reached LAI 3.0 by 60 days with at least 6 g/m2 N.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- nodulating genotypese0
- Treatment
- 6 g m −2 N or moree0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Value
- 3.0e0
- Qualifier
- 60 days after planting (DAP)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A leaf area index of 3.0 was achieved at 60 days after planting (DAP) when 6 g m −2 N or more was applied on the nodulating genotypes”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
The nonnodulating M4-2 line reached LAI 3.0 at 120 days with 6 g/m2 N or 85 days with 24 g/m2 N.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- M4‐2e0
- Outcome
- LAIe0
- Value
- 3.0e0
- Qualifier
- 120 days at 6 g m −2 N or 85 days at 24 g m −2 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the nonnodulating genotype (M4‐2), 120 days at 6 g m −2 N or 85 days at 24 g m −2 N were required to achieve LAI of 3.0”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
M4-2 vegetative and reproductive responses to rising N were positive and approximately linear.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- M4‐2e0
- Treatment
- N incrementse0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive responsese0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetative and reproductive responses of M4‐2 to N increments were highly positive and essentially linear”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Field nitrogen fertilization did not significantly affect pod yield of nodulated genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- nodulated genotypese0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Pode0
- Direction
- not significantly influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod and seed yields of nodulated genotypes in field‐grown plants were not significantly influenced by N fertilization”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Field nitrogen fertilization did not significantly affect seed yield of nodulated genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- nodulated genotypese0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod and seed yields of nodulated genotypes in field‐grown plants were not significantly influenced by N fertilization”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased greenhouse pot pod yield.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- Pod yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod yields were increased in pot‐grown plants in the greenhouse”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen reduced greenhouse nodule number and weight.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- nodule number and weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but nodule number and weight were reduced”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype and N rate interacted for component yield, leaf N concentration and N content.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- nodulating and nonodulating linese0
- Treatment
- N ratese0
- Outcome
- plant component yield, leaf N concentration, and N contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A genotype X N rates interaction for plant component yield, leaf N concentration, and N content was observed due primarily to the differential response to N between the nodulating and nonodulating lines”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen generally reduced photoassimilate partitioning to pods.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Partitioning of photoassimilate to podse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Partitioning of photoassimilate to pods was generally reduced by N fertilization”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Florunner fixed more nitrogen than Early Bunch.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Florunnere0
- Outcome
- biologically fixed more N 2e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- EBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Florunner cultivar biologically fixed more N 2 than EB”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
At low fertilizer N, Florunner fixed more N than seed requirement.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- FLe0
- Outcome
- amount in FLe0
- Direction
- exceedinge0
- Value
- 12.2 m −2e0
- Qualifier
- fertilizer N rate was lowe0
- Comparator
- seed requiremente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount in FL exceeding the seed requirement (12.2 m −2 ) if fertilizer N rate was low”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nitrogen fertilization of well nodulated peanut does not increase pod or seed yield and is economically counterproductive.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- practice of N fertilization of well‐nodulated peanut does not increase pod or seed yield and is economically counter‐productivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the practice of N fertilization of well‐nodulated peanut does not increase pod or seed yield and is economically counter‐productive”
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