Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Ludhiana, during kharif 2008 to study effects of sowing time, variety and weed control on weed dynamics and productivity of dry/direct seeded rice. Six sowing dates (dry seeding on 0 (June 5), 7, 14, 21, 28 days after nursery sowing (DANS) and transplanting 28 DANS) in main plots and combinations of two varieties (PR 115 and PAU 201) and two weed control treatments (3 hand hoeings at 20, 40, 60 days and pendimethalin 0.75 kg pre-emergence followed by bispyribac-sodium 0.030 kg/ha as post emergence) in sub plots were evaluated in a split plot design with three replications. Transplanted crop recorded the lower population of all weeds sp and similar in dry seeding on 0 DANS. Population of all weed sp was lower under early sowing of crop on 0, 7 and 14 DANS as compared to delayed sowings. Population of Echinochloa sp, Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus iria did not vary among seeding dates; Ammania baccifera and Caesulia axillaris intensity was significantly higher in 21 and 28 DANS as compared to early seeding dates. Weed density did not vary among rice varieties. Sequential application of herbicides effectively controlled Echinochloa sp and D sanguinalis while control of Eragrostis sp and L chinensis was very poor. Herbicides control broad leaf weeds and sedges except Cyperus rotundus. Transplanted crop recorded the highest rice grain yield and was at par to dry seeding 0 DANS but significantly higher than dry seeding on later dates. The grain yield of transplanted crop was 11.9, 22.1, 20.8, 41.7 and 71.4% higher as compared to dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANS, respectively. Rice varieties recorded similar grain yield. Three hand hoeings gave significantly higher grain yield than herbicides. Rice seeding directly on 0, 7 and 14 DANS produced similar grain yield under herbicides and three hand hoeings; further delay in seeding significantly reduced grain yield under herbicides as compared to hand hoeings.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting had fewer weeds, similarly to dry seeding at 0 DANS.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Transplanted crope0
- Outcome
- population of all weeds spe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- dry seeding on 0 DANSe0
- Setting
- Ludhianat1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transplanted crop recorded the lower population of all weeds sp and similar in dry seeding on 0 DANS.”
t0“Rice”
t1“Ludhiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing at 0, 7 and 14 DANS had fewer weeds than later sowing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- early sowing of crop on 0, 7 and 14 DANSe0
- Outcome
- Population of all weed spe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- delayed sowingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Population of all weed sp was lower under early sowing of crop on 0, 7 and 14 DANS as compared to delayed sowings.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations of five named weed taxa did not vary by seeding date.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seeding datese0
- Outcome
- Population of Echinochloa sp, Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus iriae0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Population of Echinochloa sp, Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus iria did not vary among seeding dates”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammania baccifera intensity was higher with 21 and 28 DANS seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 21 and 28 DANSe0
- Interactor
- Ammania baccifera
.jpg?width=60)
Ammannia bacciferae0weed - Outcome
- intensitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- early seeding datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Ammania baccifera and Caesulia axillaris intensity was significantly higher in 21 and 28 DANS as compared to early seeding dates.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Caesulia axillaris intensity was higher with 21 and 28 DANS seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 21 and 28 DANSe0
- Interactor
- Caesulia axillaris
.jpg?width=60)
Caesulia axillarise0weed - Outcome
- Caesulia axillaris intensitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- early seeding datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Ammania baccifera and Caesulia axillaris intensity was significantly higher in 21 and 28 DANS as compared to early seeding dates.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density did not vary among rice varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- rice varietiese0
- Outcome
- Weed densitye0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed density did not vary among rice varieties.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicides effectively controlled Echinochloa sp.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sequential application of herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa sp
Echinochloae0weed - Outcome
- controlled Echinochloa spe0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential application of herbicides effectively controlled Echinochloa sp and D sanguinalis”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicides effectively controlled D sanguinalis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sequential application of herbicidese0
- Interactor
- D sanguinalis
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria sanguinalise0weed - Outcome
- D sanguinalise0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sequential application of herbicides effectively controlled Echinochloa sp and D sanguinalis”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide control of Eragrostis sp was very poor.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidest1
- Interactor
- Eragrostis sp
Eragrostise0weed - Outcome
- control of Eragrostis spe0
- Direction
- very poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of Eragrostis sp and L chinensis was very poor.”
t0“Rice”
t1“Sequential application of herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide control of L chinensis was very poor.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidest1
- Interactor
- L chinensis
Dinebra chinensise0weed - Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- very poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of Eragrostis sp and L chinensis was very poor.”
t0“Rice”
t1“Sequential application of herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides controlled broad leaf weeds and sedges except Cyperus rotundus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse0weed - Outcome
- control broad leaf weeds and sedges except Cyperus rotunduse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides control broad leaf weeds and sedges except Cyperus rotundus.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting yielded 11.9% more grain than dry seeding at 0 DANS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplanted crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.9e0
- Comparator
- dry seeding on 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield of transplanted crop was 11.9, 22.1, 20.8, 41.7 and 71.4% higher as compared to dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANS, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting yielded 22.1% more grain than dry seeding at 7 DANS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplanted crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.1e0
- Comparator
- dry seeding on 0, 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield of transplanted crop was 11.9, 22.1, 20.8, 41.7 and 71.4% higher as compared to dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANS, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting yielded 20.8% more grain than dry seeding at 14 DANS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplanted crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.8e0
- Comparator
- dry seeding on 0, 7, 14e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield of transplanted crop was 11.9, 22.1, 20.8, 41.7 and 71.4% higher as compared to dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANS, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting yielded 41.7% more grain than dry seeding at 21 DANS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplanted crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 41.7e0
- Comparator
- dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield of transplanted crop was 11.9, 22.1, 20.8, 41.7 and 71.4% higher as compared to dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANS, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting yielded 71.4% more grain than dry seeding at 28 DANS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplanted crope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 71.4%e0
- Comparator
- dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield of transplanted crop was 11.9, 22.1, 20.8, 41.7 and 71.4% higher as compared to dry seeding on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DANS, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice varieties had similar grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Rice varietiese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice varieties recorded similar grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three hand hoeings gave higher yield than herbicides.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Three hand hoeingse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three hand hoeings gave significantly higher grain yield than herbicides.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0, 7 and 14 DANS, herbicides and hoeing produced similar yields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- 0, 7 and 14 DANSe0
- Comparator
- three hand hoeingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seeding directly on 0, 7 and 14 DANS produced similar grain yield under herbicides and three hand hoeings”
Claim · model-written summary
Later seeding reduced yield under herbicides relative to hoeing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- further delay in seedinge0
- Comparator
- hand hoeingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further delay in seeding significantly reduced grain yield under herbicides as compared to hand hoeings.”
t0“Rice”
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