Abstract
Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.) when periods of environmental stress occur during the growing season. The objective of this experiment was to determine the differential effects of controlled temperature and drought stress at specific times during panicle development on percent blast (blasted spikelets/total spikelets ✕ 100), total spikdets/panicle, plant height, and several kernel characteristics. ‘Froker,’ a late season cultivar, and ‘Clintland 64’ and ‘Wright,’ midseason cultivars, were grown in pots in a mixture containing equal parts of peat and vermiculite. The pots were irrigated with half‐strength Hoagland's solution, and placed in an environmental room programmed for the natural photoperiod and daily normal temperatures and relative humidity for 23 April to 15 August at Madison, Wis. Plants were subjected to heat, cold, and drought treatments at four times during panicle development: 26, 40, 53 and 63 days after planting, stages 1 to 4 respetively. Typical environmental stresses that occur during the growing season of oats were found to increase blast and decrease yield and kernels/panicle. Blasting in Froker was increased by temperature and/or drought at all stages, in Wright by drought at stage 1 and temperature at stages 2 and 3, but in Clintland 64 only by drought at stage 4. Total spikelets/panicle were reduced by drought and heat at stages 2 and 3 (mean of all cultivats). These effects resulted in fewer kernels/panicle and reduced yield. The most severe yield reductions occurred as a result of drought at stage 2 and 4, and heat at stage 3. Compensation for increased blasting by formation of heavier kernels did not occur. Drought at stage 4 reduced kernels/fertile spikelet to near 1.0. In general, plant height was reduced by the same treatments causing yield reductions. Kernel protein concentration was mostly unaffected, except for an increase in kernels from plants that were drought stressed at stage 4. These results emphasize the value of early planting to avoid the potential damage of heat and drought. Cold treatments had the least effect on yield. The data suggest cultivar variability in stress tolerance. Stress‐tolerant cultivars could possibly be developed by selection and breeding, if suitable screening procedures could be established.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal stress increased blast in oat.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- environmental stressese0
- Outcome
- blaste0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Typical environmental stresses that occur during the growing season of oats were found to increase blast and decrease yield and kernels/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal stress decreased oat yield.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- environmental stressese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Typical environmental stresses that occur during the growing season of oats were found to increase blast and decrease yield and kernels/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal stress decreased kernels per panicle.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- environmental stressese0
- Outcome
- kernels/paniclee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Typical environmental stresses that occur during the growing season of oats were found to increase blast and decrease yield and kernels/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and drought increased blast in Froker at every stage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Material
- Frokere0
- Treatment
- temperature and/or droughte0
- Outcome
- Blastinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at all stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blasting in Froker was increased by temperature and/or drought at all stages”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at stage 1 and temperature at stages 2 and 3 increased blast in Wright.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Material
- Wrighte0
- Treatment
- drought at stage 1 and temperature at stages 2 and 3e0
- Outcome
- blastt0
- Direction
- increasedt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Wright by drought at stage 1 and temperature at stages 2 and 3”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only drought at stage 4 increased blast in Clintland 64.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Material
- Clintland 64e0
- Treatment
- drought at stage 4e0
- Outcome
- blastt0
- Direction
- increasedt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Clintland 64 only by drought at stage 4”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and heat at stages 2 and 3 reduced spikelets per panicle.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought and heat at stages 2 and 3e0
- Outcome
- Total spikelets/paniclee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total spikelets/panicle were reduced by drought and heat at stages 2 and 3 (mean of all cultivats)”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at stages 2 and 4 caused the most severe yield reductions.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought at stage 2 and 4e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most severe yield reductions occurred as a result of drought at stage 2 and 4”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat at stage 3 caused one of the most severe yield reductions.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- heat at stage 3e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most severe yield reductions occurred as a result of drought at stage 2 and 4, and heat at stage 3”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavier kernels did not compensate for increased blasting.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- Compensation for increased blasting by formation of heavier kernels did not occure0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compensation for increased blasting by formation of heavier kernels did not occur”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at stage 4 reduced kernels per fertile spikelet to nearly one.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Drought at stage 4e0
- Outcome
- kernels/fertile spikelete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought at stage 4 reduced kernels/fertile spikelet to near 1.0”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments reducing yield generally reduced plant height.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- same treatments causing yield reductionse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, plant height was reduced by the same treatments causing yield reductions”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel protein concentration was mostly unaffected by treatments.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- Kernel protein concentratione0
- Direction
- mostly unaffectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel protein concentration was mostly unaffected”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at stage 4 increased kernel protein concentration.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stressed at stage 4e0
- Outcome
- Kernel protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel protein concentration was mostly unaffected, except for an increase in kernels from plants that were drought stressed at stage 4”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold had the least effect on oat yield.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Cold treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- least effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold treatments had the least effect on yield”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The results support early planting to avoid heat and drought damage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- early plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results emphasize the value of early planting to avoid the potential damage of heat and drought”
t0“Increased blast and reduced kernel yield have been observed in oat ( Arena sativa L.)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.