Abstract
Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM). Roots and separated leaf sections (from the youngest––basal, through the middle––mature, to the oldest––apical) were analysed. Shoot and root fresh weight, and root net growth rates were reduced significantly after Cu application in comparison to Cd. Copper (50, 100 µM) and cadmium (100 µM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools mostly in mature and old leaf sections. The concentration of Cu and Cd increased in the old and mature leaf sections. Analysis of organic acids showed that both metals differently influenced the low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) content in maize leaf sections. In mature sections, the excess Cu increased the succinate and tartrate contents, whereas in the young ones mainly the tartrate level was elevated. Cadmium elevated citrate accumulation in mature and old sections, compared to the control plants. Malate, the main LMWOA in maize leaves, increased only after addition of 100 µM of Cd (mature and old sections) or 50 µM of Cu (old sections). Analysis of LMWOAs in roots showed that the excess of Cd or Cu induced higher accumulation of tartrate and malate and, additionally, copper increased the citrate content.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cu application reduced shoot and root fresh weight and root net growth rate relative to Cd in maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- Cu applicatione1
- Outcome
- Shoot and root fresh weight, and root net growth ratese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- Cde1
- Setting
- nutrient solutione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e1“Shoot and root fresh weight, and root net growth rates were reduced significantly after Cu application in comparison to Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper (50, 100 µM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools in mature and old leaf sections of maize.
- Organ / stage
- mature and old leaf sectionse2
- Treatment
- Copper (50, 100 µM)e2
- Outcome
- sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid poolse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e2“Copper (50, 100 µM) and cadmium (100 µM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools mostly in mature and old leaf sections”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium (100 µM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools in mature and old leaf sections of maize.
- Organ / stage
- mature and old leaf sectionse2
- Treatment
- cadmium (100 µM)e2
- Outcome
- sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid poolse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e2“Copper (50, 100 µM) and cadmium (100 µM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools mostly in mature and old leaf sections”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Cd concentrations increased in old and mature leaf sections of maize.
- Organ / stage
- old and mature leaf sectionse3
- Outcome
- The concentration of Cu and Cde3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e3“The concentration of Cu and Cd increased in the old and mature leaf sections”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu increased succinate and tartrate contents in mature maize leaf sections.
- Organ / stage
- mature sectionse4
- Treatment
- excess Cue4
- Outcome
- succinate and tartrate contentse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e4“In mature sections, the excess Cu increased the succinate and tartrate contents, whereas in the young ones mainly the tartrate level was elevated”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu mainly elevated the tartrate level in young maize leaf sections.
- Organ / stage
- young onese4
- Treatment
- excess Cue4
- Outcome
- tartrate levele4
- Direction
- elevatede4
- Qualifier
- mainlye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e4“In mature sections, the excess Cu increased the succinate and tartrate contents, whereas in the young ones mainly the tartrate level was elevated”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium elevated citrate accumulation in mature and old maize leaf sections relative to control plants.
- Organ / stage
- mature and old sectionse5
- Treatment
- Cadmiume5
- Outcome
- citrate accumulatione5
- Direction
- elevatede5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e5“Cadmium elevated citrate accumulation in mature and old sections, compared to the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Malate increased in mature and old maize leaf sections after 100 µM Cd.
- Organ / stage
- mature and old sectionse6
- Treatment
- addition of 100 µM of Cde6
- Outcome
- Malatee6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e6“Malate, the main LMWOA in maize leaves, increased only after addition of 100 µM of Cd (mature and old sections) or 50 µM of Cu (old sections)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malate increased in old maize leaf sections after 50 µM Cu.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e6“Malate, the main LMWOA in maize leaves, increased only after addition of 100 µM of Cd (mature and old sections) or 50 µM of Cu (old sections)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cd increased tartrate and malate accumulation in maize roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- excess of Cde7
- Outcome
- accumulation of tartrate and malatee7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e7“Analysis of LMWOAs in roots showed that the excess of Cd or Cu induced higher accumulation of tartrate and malate and, additionally, copper increased the citrate content”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu increased tartrate and malate accumulation in maize roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e7“Analysis of LMWOAs in roots showed that the excess of Cd or Cu induced higher accumulation of tartrate and malate and, additionally, copper increased the citrate content”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper increased citrate content in maize roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM)”
e7“Analysis of LMWOAs in roots showed that the excess of Cd or Cu induced higher accumulation of tartrate and malate and, additionally, copper increased the citrate content”
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